{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T10:59:02Z","timestamp":1789556342675,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42265011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42265011"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cadmium (Cd) is recognized as being linked to several liver diseases. Currently, due to the limited spectrum of drugs available for the treatment of Cd intoxication, developing and designing antidotes with superior detoxification capacity and revealing their underlying mechanisms remains a major challenge. Therefore, we developed the first next-generation probiotic E. coli 1917-pSK18a-MT that delivers metallothionein (MT) to overcome Cd-induced liver injury in C57BL\/6 mice by utilizing bacterial surface display technology. The results demonstrate that E. coli 1917-pSK18a-MT could efficiently express MT without altering the growth and probiotic properties of the strain. Moreover, we found that E. coli 1917-pSK18a-MT ameliorated Cd contamination-induced hepatic steatosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and liver fibrosis by decreasing the expression of aminotransferases along with inflammatory factors. Activation of the Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway also further illustrated the hepatoprotective effects of the engineered bacteria. Finally, we showed that E. coli 1917-pSK18a-MT improved the colonic barrier function impaired by Cd induction and ameliorated intestinal flora dysbiosis in Cd-poisoned mice by increasing the relative abundance of the Verrucomicrobiota. These data revealed that the combination of E. coli 1917 and MT both alleviated Cd-induced liver injury to a greater extent and restored the integrity of colonic epithelial tissues and bacterial dysbiosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16101468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T11:18:17Z","timestamp":1715599097000},"page":"1468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Next-Generation Probiotic E. coli 1917-pSK18a-MT Ameliorates Cadmium-Induced Liver Injury by Surface Display of Metallothionein and Modulation of Gut Microbiota"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4232-1417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9760-3486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuanlin","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinfeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanjing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fenfang","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institution of Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingqing","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0506-8536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tingtao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institution of Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changwei","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60274-7","article-title":"Acute Liver Failure","volume":"376","author":"Bernal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI88881","article-title":"Liver Inflammation and Fibrosis","volume":"127","author":"Koyama","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2015.1052208","article-title":"SIRT3-SOD2-mROS-Dependent Autophagy in Cadmium-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Salvage by Melatonin","volume":"11","author":"Pi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, H., Liu, X., Elsabagh, M., Zhang, Y., Ma, Y., Jin, Y., Wang, M., Wang, H., and Jiang, H. (2022). Effects of the Gut Microbiota and Barrier Function on Melatonin Efficacy in Alleviating Liver Injury. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11091727"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.002","article-title":"Protective Effects of Polysaccharides on Hepatic Injury: A Review","volume":"141","author":"Yuan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"135","article-title":"Cadmium Toxicity and Treatment: An Update","volume":"8","author":"Kazemi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Casp. J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.111610","article-title":"Vitamin E Protects ahainst Cadmium-Induced Sub-Chronic Liver Injury Associated with the Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and Activation of Nrf2 Pathway","volume":"208","author":"Fang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.04.016","article-title":"Protective Effect of Curcumin against Heavy Metals-Induced Liver Damage","volume":"69","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2007.03.014","article-title":"Joint Effects of Dietary Cadmium and Polychlorinated Biphenyls on Metallothionein Induction, Lipid Peroxidation and Histopathology in the Kidneys and Liver of Bank Voles","volume":"69","author":"Krasowska","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2008.03.009","article-title":"Effect of the Flavonoid Quercetin on Cadmium-Induced Hepatotoxicity","volume":"46","author":"Egido","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2014.05.023","article-title":"Rapidly Expanding Knowledge on the Role of the Gut Microbiome in Health and Disease","volume":"1842","author":"Matzaraki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA) Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2012.01921.x","article-title":"Intestinal Barrier Function in Health and Gastrointestinal Disease","volume":"24","author":"Camilleri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol. Motil."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.58","article-title":"The Resilience of the Intestinal Microbiota Influences Health and Disease","volume":"15","author":"Sommer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.114880","article-title":"Bisphenol A Exposure Induces Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Consequent Activation of Gut-Liver Axis Leading to Hepatic Steatosis in CD-1 Mice","volume":"265","author":"Feng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.431","article-title":"Alleviation of Aflatoxin-Related Oxidative Damage to Liver and Improvement of Growth Performance in Broiler Chickens Consumed Lactobacillus plantarum 299v for Entire Growth Period","volume":"158","author":"Khanian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6848","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.12046","article-title":"Combination of Houttuynia Cordata Polysaccharide and Lactiplantibacillus Plantarum P101 Alleviates Acute Liver Injury by Regulating Gut Microbiota in Mice","volume":"102","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.008672-0","article-title":"Probiotic Escherichia coli Strain Nissle 1917 Outcompetes Intestinalpathogens during Biofilm Formation","volume":"59","author":"Hancock","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen, H., Zhao, Z., Zhao, Z., Chen, Y., and Zhang, L. (2022). Native and Engineered Probiotics: Promising Agents against Related Systemic and Intestinal Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23020594"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114858","article-title":"Reducing Cadmium Accumulation in Shrimp Using Escherichia coli with Surface-Displayed Peptide","volume":"256","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857869","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.857869","article-title":"Engineered Bacteria EcN-MT Alleviate Liver Injury in Cadmium-Exposed Mice via Its Probiotics Characteristics and Expressing of Metallothionein","volume":"13","author":"Zou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, H., Wei, J., Zhao, X., Liu, Y., Chen, Z., Wei, K., Lu, J., Chen, W., Jiang, M., and Li, S. (2023). Neuroprotective Effects of an Engineered Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 on Parkinson\u2019s Disease in Mice by Delivering GLP-1 and Modulating Gut Microbiota. Bioeng. Transla Med, 8.","DOI":"10.1002\/btm2.10351"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, D.-X., Wang, X.-H., Xu, X., Chen, W.-J., Wei, J., Chen, T.-T., and Wei, H. (2022). Anti-Tumor Effects of Engineered VNP20009-Abvec-Ig\u03ba-mPD-1 Strain in Melanoma Mice via Combining the Oncolytic Therapy and Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14122789"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024549","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.1024549","article-title":"Antagonism of Cadmium-Induced Liver Injury in Ducks by \u03b1-Bisabolol","volume":"9","author":"Elazab","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.02943-14","article-title":"Escherichia coli EDL933 Requires Gluconeogenic Nutrients To Successfully Colonize the Intestines of Streptomycin-Treated Mice Precolonized with E. coli Nissle 1917","volume":"83","author":"Schinner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2014.07.442","article-title":"Complete Genome Sequence of the Gram-Negative Probiotic Escherichia coli Strain Nissle 1917","volume":"187","author":"Reister","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Toloza, L., Gim\u00e9nez, R., F\u00e1brega, M.J., Alvarez, C.S., Aguilera, L., Ca\u00f1as, M.A., Mart\u00edn-Venegas, R., Badia, J., and Baldom\u00e0, L. (2015). The Secreted Autotransporter Toxin (Sat) Does Not Act as a Virulence Factor in the Probiotic Escherichia coli Strain Nissle 1917. BMC Microbiol., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-015-0591-5"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20631","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-05420-7","article-title":"Influence of Ferulic Acid Consumption in Ameliorating the Cadmium-Induced Liver and Renal Oxidative Damage in Rats","volume":"26","author":"Sanjeev","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-020-01900-7","article-title":"Fumaric Acid Protect the Cadmium-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats: Owing to Its Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory Action and Aid in Recast the Liver Function","volume":"393","author":"Kaur","year":"2020","journal-title":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg\u2019s Arch Pharm."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.02.041","article-title":"Antioxidant, Antiapoptotic, Antigenotoxic, and Hepatic Ameliorative Effects of L-Carnitine and Selenium on Cadmium-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Alterations in Liver Cell Structure in Male Mice","volume":"173","author":"Hamza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, J., Fang, Z., Li, Y., Sun, L., Liu, Y., Deng, Q., and Zhong, S. (2022). Ameliorative Effects of Oyster Protein Hydrolysates on Cadmium-Induced Hepatic Injury in Mice. Mar. Drugs, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/md20120758"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/65.1.151","article-title":"Differential Hepatotoxicity Induced by Cadmium in Fischer 344 and Sprague-Dawley Rats","volume":"65","author":"Kuester","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2023.102885","article-title":"Curative Effects of Kaempferide on Cadmium-Instigated Hepatotoxicity in Male Albino Rats","volume":"35","author":"Ijaz","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. King Saud Univ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2018.01.011","article-title":"Protective Role of Nebivolol in Cadmium-Induced Hepatotoxicity via Downregulation of Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis and Inflammatory Pathways","volume":"58","author":"Refaie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-019-1641-x","article-title":"Glutathione Might Attenuate Cadmium-Induced Liver Oxidative Stress and Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation","volume":"191","author":"Ren","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2021.11.004","article-title":"Dual Role of Cadmium in Rat Liver: Inducing Liver Injury and Inhibiting the Progression of Early Liver Cancer","volume":"355","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2022.153339","article-title":"The Mechanism of the Cadmium-Induced Toxicity and Cellular Response in the Liver","volume":"480","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.111578","article-title":"Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Mitigates Cadmium-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice: Role of miR-182-5p\/TLR4 Axis","volume":"207","author":"Hao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112947","article-title":"Protective Effect of Melatonin against Chronic Cadmium-Induced Hepatotoxicity by Suppressing Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in Mice","volume":"228","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39768","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-18950-4","article-title":"Association between Urinary Cadmium Concentrations and Liver Function in Adolescents","volume":"29","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Genchi, G., Sinicropi, M.S., Lauria, G., Carocci, A., and Catalano, A. (2020). The Effects of Cadmium Toxicity. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17113782"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2018.02.009","article-title":"Acetonic Extract of Vernonia amygdalina (Del.) Attenuates Cd-Induced Liver Injury: Potential Application in Adjuvant Heavy Metal Therapy","volume":"5","author":"Imafidon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, Z.-M., Wan, X.-M., Xiao, M., Zheng, C., and Zhou, X.-L. (2021). Puerarin Induces Nrf2 as a Cytoprotective Mechanism to Prevent Cadmium-Induced Autophagy Inhibition and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in AML12 Hepatic Cells. J. Inorg. Biochem., 217.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2021.111389"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, C., Zhu, Y., Lu, Z., Guo, W., Tumen, B., He, Y., Chen, C., Hu, S., Xu, K., and Wang, Y. (2020). Cadmium Induces Acute Liver Injury by Inhibiting Nrf2 and the Role of NF-\u03baB, NLRP3, and MAPKs Signaling Pathway. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17010138"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2019.12.073","article-title":"Histological Changes, Lipid Metabolism, and Oxidative and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in the Liver of Laying Hens Exposed to Cadmium Concentrations","volume":"99","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Noor, K.K., Ijaz, M.U., Ehsan, N., Tahir, A., Yeni, D.K., Neamul Kabir Zihad, S.M., Uddin, S.J., Ashraf, A., and Simal-Gandara, J. (2022). Hepatoprotective Role of Vitexin against Cadmium-Induced Liver Damage in Male Rats: A Biochemical, Inflammatory, Apoptotic and Histopathological Investigation. Biomed. Pharmacother., 150.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.112934"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2020.104297","article-title":"Sulforaphane Ameliorates Cadmium Induced Hepatotoxicity through the Up-Regulation of \/Nrf2\/ARE Pathway and the Inactivation of NF-\u03baB","volume":"77","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2021.737845","article-title":"Protective Mechanism of Homologous Lactic Acid Bacteria against Cholestatic Liver Injury in Snakehead Fish","volume":"550","author":"Kong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brdari\u0107, E., Sokovi\u0107 Baji\u0107, S., \u0110oki\u0107, J., \u0110ur\u0111i\u0107, S., Ruas-Madiedo, P., Stevanovi\u0107, M., Tolina\u010dki, M., Dini\u0107, M., Muti\u0107, J., and Goli\u0107, N. (2021). Protective Effect of an Exopolysaccharide Produced by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BGAN8 Against Cadmium-Induced Toxicity in Caco-2 Cells. Front. Microbiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.759378"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2015.01.037","article-title":"Screening of Lactic Acid Bacteria with Potential Protective Effects against Cadmium Toxicity","volume":"54","author":"Zhai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157861","article-title":"Gut Microbiota\u2013Bile Acid\u2013Intestinal Farnesoid X Receptor Signaling Axis Orchestrates Cadmium-Induced Liver Injury","volume":"849","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/16\/10\/1468\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:41:44Z","timestamp":1760107304000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/16\/10\/1468"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["nu16101468"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu16101468","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]]}}}