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Objective: To investigate the impact of maternal prenatal dietary patterns during pregnancy on child neurodevelopment. Methods: Study participants were obtained from the China National Birth Cohort. The Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Third Edition, was used to assess children\u2019s neurodevelopment at 36 months old. Maternal antenatal dietary data were collected over three trimesters using food frequency questionnaires. Five distinct maternal dietary patterns throughout pregnancy were identified by principal component analysis, namely protein- and micronutrient-rich dietary patterns, low-iron dietary patterns, pasta as the staple food dietary patterns, iron-rich dietary patterns, tubers, fruits, and baked food dietary patterns. Group-based trajectory modeling was performed for dietary patterns present in all three periods. Multiple linear regression models were used for statistical analysis. Results: Children of mothers who followed a high protein- and micronutrient-rich dietary pattern trajectory during pregnancy presented better neurodevelopment, including higher gross motor and problem-solving scores. Furthermore, it was observed that children born of women with low-iron dietary patterns had poorer neurodevelopment. In detail, children born to mothers with a low-iron dietary pattern during the first trimester had lower problem-solving scores, while to those who were exposed to a low-iron dietary pattern in the second and third trimesters had lower gross motor scores. Additionally, children with mothers who had a low-iron dietary pattern in the third trimester had lower communication scores. Conclusions: A nutrition-balanced protein- and micronutrient-rich dietary pattern and adequate iron dietary pattern for mothers throughout pregnancy may be beneficial to children\u2019s neurodevelopment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16101530","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]],"date-time":"2024-05-20T03:36:42Z","timestamp":1716176202000},"page":"1530","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Association between Dietary Patterns during Pregnancy and Children\u2019s Neurodevelopment: A Birth Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jiajun","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Ministry of Education of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjin","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Ministry of Education of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penggui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Ministry of Education of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Ministry of Education of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guopeng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"Maternal and Child Health Care Center of Ma\u2019anshan, No 24 Jiashan Road, Ma\u2019anshan 243011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuangqin","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"Maternal and Child Health Care 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