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Instead, more postnatal risk factors are modifiable, with less knowledge of their cumulative effects on childhood obesity. We analyzed data of 1869 children in an Australian birth cohort. Key postnatal risk factors included: maternal and paternal overweight\/obesity during the child\u2019s infancy, tobacco exposure, low family socioeconomic score, breastfeeding duration &lt; 6 months, early introduction of solid foods, and rapid weight gain during infancy. The risk score was the sum of the number of risk factors. The primary outcome is overweight\/obesity in late childhood (11\u201312 years); secondary outcomes are high-fat mass index (FMI), body fat percentage (BF%), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Poisson regression models were used in the analyses. Children with higher risk scores had higher risks of overweight\/obesity (p-for-trends &lt; 0.001). After adjusting covariates, compared with those with 0\u20131 risk factors, children with 4\u20136 risk factors had 4.30 (95% confidence interval: 2.98, 6.21) times higher risk of being overweight\/obesity; the relative risks for high FMI, BF%, and WHtR were 7.31 (3.97, 13.45), 4.41 (3.00, 6.50), and 6.52 (3.33, 12.74), respectively. Our findings highlighted that multiple postnatal risk factors were associated with increased risks of being overweight\/obesity in late childhood.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16101536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]],"date-time":"2024-05-20T06:31:58Z","timestamp":1716186718000},"page":"1536","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Accumulative Effect of Multiple Postnatal Risk Factors with the Risk of Being Overweight\/Obese in Late Childhood"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5029-3330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ting","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China"},{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Disease Prevention and Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zijun","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, The Royal Children\u2019s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengjiao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China"},{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Disease Prevention and Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC) (2017). 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