{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T13:48:15Z","timestamp":1783691295948,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Great Ormond Street Children Hospital Charity"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Many guidelines have been published to help diagnose food allergies, which have included feeding difficulties as a presenting symptom (particularly for non-IgE-mediated gastrointestinal allergies). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of feeding difficulties in children with non-IgE-mediated gastrointestinal allergies and the association of such difficulties with symptoms and food elimination. An observational study was performed at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. Children aged 4 weeks to 16 years without non-allergic co-morbidities who improved on an elimination diet using a previously published Likert scale symptom score were included. This study recruited 131 children, and 114 (87%) parents completed the questionnaire on feeding difficulties. Feeding difficulties were present in 61 (53.5%) of the 114 children. The most common feeding difficulties were regular meal refusals (26.9%), extended mealtimes (26.7%), and problems with gagging on textured foods (26.5%). Most children (40\/61) had \u22652 reported feeding difficulties, and eight had \u22654. Children with feeding difficulties had higher rates of constipation and vomiting: 60.7% (37\/61) vs. 35.8% (19\/53), p = 0.008 and 63.9% (39\/61) vs. 41.5% (22\/53), p = 0.017, respectively. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated an association between having feeding difficulties, the age of the child, and the initial symptom score. Gender and the number of foods excluded in the elimination diet were not significantly associated with feeding difficulties. This study found that feeding difficulties are common in children with non-IgE-mediated gastrointestinal allergies, but there is a paucity of food allergy specific tools for establishing feeding difficulties, which requires further research in the long-term and consensus in the short term amongst healthcare professions as to which tool is the best for food allergic children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16111563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T06:54:09Z","timestamp":1716360849000},"page":"1563","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Assessing Feeding Difficulties in Children Presenting with Non-IgE-Mediated Gastrointestinal Food Allergies\u2014A Commonly Reported Problem"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Adriana","family":"Chebar-Lozinsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy and Immune Disorders, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"De Koker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Macassar Community Health Centre, Department of Health and Wellness, Western Cape Government, Elsenburg 7607, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Dziubak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children, London WC1N 3JH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Lorber","family":"Rolnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Godwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children, London WC1N 3JH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"Dominguez-Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Nino Jesus Univesity Children Hospital, 28009 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana-Kristina","family":"Skrapac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HCA Healthcare, London W1G 0PU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3789-8534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yara","family":"Gholmie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Simmons University, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Reeve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Hospital for Children and Young People in Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HCA Healthcare, London W1G 0PU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosan","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Dietetics, University of Winchester, Winchester SO22 4NR, UK"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2011.01145.x","article-title":"Food allergy: Riding the second wave of the allergy epidemic","volume":"22","author":"Prescott","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr. 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