{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:01:14Z","timestamp":1787029274139,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan","award":["TCRD110-40"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCRD110-40"]}]},{"name":"Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan","award":["TCMF-EP 110-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCMF-EP 110-03"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) significantly influences endothelial function. This study assessed the correlation between serum 25(OH)D and endothelial function using the vascular reactivity index (VRI) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Fasting blood samples from 102 T2DM participants and VRI were assessed. Patients were divided into three categories based on VRI: low (VRI &lt; 1.0), intermediate (1.0 \u2264 VRI &lt; 2.0), and good (VRI \u2265 2.0). Among these patients, 30 (29.4%) had poor, 39 (38.2%) had intermediate, and 33 (32.4%) exhibited good vascular reactivity. Higher serum fasting glucose (p = 0.019), glycated hemoglobin (p = 0.009), and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (p = 0.006) were associated, while lower prevalence of hypertension (p = 0.029), lower systolic blood pressure (p = 0.027), lower diastolic blood pressure (p &lt; 0.001), and lower circulation 25(OH)D levels (p &lt; 0.001) were associated with poor vascular reactivity. Significant independent associations between diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.002) and serum 25(OH)D level (p &lt; 0.001) and VRI were seen in T2DM patients according to multivariable forward stepwise linear regression analysis. Serum 25(OH)D positively correlated with VRI values, and lower levels of serum 25(OH)D were linked to endothelial dysfunction in T2DM patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16111575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T03:49:03Z","timestamp":1716436143000},"page":"1575","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level Is Positively Associated with Vascular Reactivity Index in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9364-4558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bang-Gee","family":"Hsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 97004, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Cheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 97004, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Du-An","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 97004, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0910-1185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming-Chun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 97004, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maruhashi, T., and Higashi, Y. 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