{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T18:29:08Z","timestamp":1778178548942,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32003B_176119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32003B_176119"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Novo Nordisk and from the Dreyfus Foundation","award":["32003B_176119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32003B_176119"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Observational studies have shown a relationship between eating patterns and chronotypes with metabolic health in the general population and in healthy pregnancies. Data are lacking in the postpartum period, which is characterized by an externally driven misalignment of sleep and food intake. We investigated the associations between eating patterns, chronotypes, and metabolic health in the early postpartum period in women who had gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We prospectively included 313 women who completed their 6\u20138 weeks postpartum visit between January 2021 and March 2023 at the Lausanne University Hospital. Women filled questionnaires on the timing of food intake, sleep (a shortened Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire), and the chronotype (the Morningness\u2013Eveningness Questionnaire) and underwent HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose measurements. After adjustments for weight, sleep quality, or breastfeeding, the later timing of the first and last food intake were associated with higher fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels 6\u20138 weeks postpartum (all p \u2264 0.046). A higher number of breakfasts per week and longer eating durations were associated with lower fasting plasma glucose levels (all p \u2264 0.028). The chronotype was not associated with metabolic health outcomes. Eating patterns, but not the chronotype, were associated with worsened metabolic health in the early postpartum period in women with previous GDM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16111588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T09:58:47Z","timestamp":1716458327000},"page":"1588","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Eating Patterns, Chronotypes, and Their Relationship with Metabolic Health in the Early Postpartum Period in Women after Gestational Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7063-1308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Lesniara-Stachon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetric Service, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Trevi\u00f1o Montemayor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetric Service, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3243-1222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tinh-Hai","family":"Collet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic Education, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magali","family":"Andrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetric Service, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3091-9400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan Yedu","family":"Quansah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetric Service, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0460-7614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jardena J.","family":"Puder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetric Service, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422414000262","article-title":"Understanding meal patterns: Definitions, methodology and impact on nutrient intake and diet quality","volume":"28","author":"Leech","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr. 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