{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T23:30:57Z","timestamp":1778196657195,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,26]],"date-time":"2024-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007686","name":"National Institute of Perinatology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["212250-49541"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["212250-49541"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007686","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007686","name":"National Institute of Perinatology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017-2-101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-2-101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007686","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007686","name":"National Institute of Perinatology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A3-S-40575"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A3-S-40575"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007686","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Council of Humanities, Sciences and Technologies (CONACyT)","award":["212250-49541"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["212250-49541"]}]},{"name":"National Council of Humanities, Sciences and Technologies (CONACyT)","award":["2017-2-101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-2-101"]}]},{"name":"National Council of Humanities, Sciences and Technologies (CONACyT)","award":["A3-S-40575"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A3-S-40575"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Gestational weight gain below or above the Institute of Medicine recommendations has been associated with adverse perinatal and neonatal outcomes. Very few studies have evaluated the association between serum and red blood cell folate concentrations and gestational weight gain in adolescents. Additionally, zinc deficiency during pregnancy has been associated with impaired immunity, prolonged labor, preterm and post-term birth, intrauterine growth restriction, low birth weight, and pregnancy-induced hypertension. Objective: The purpose of our study is to evaluate the association between serum concentrations of zinc, serum folate, and red blood cell folate, with the increase in gestational weight and the weight and length of the newborn in a group of adolescent mothers from Mexico City. Results: In our study, 406 adolescent-neonate dyads participated. The adolescents\u2019 median age was 15.8 years old. The predominant socioeconomic level was middle-low (57.8%), single (57%), 89.9% were engaged in home activities, and 41.3% completed secondary education. Excessive gestational weight gain was observed in 36.7% of cases, while insufficient gestational weight gain was noted in 38.4%. Small for gestational age infants were observed in 20.9% of the sample. Low serum folate (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.3\u20133.3), decreased red blood cell folate (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.0\u20132.6), and reduced serum zinc concentrations (OR 3.3, 95% CI 2.1\u20135.2) were associated with insufficient gestational weight gain. Decreased serum zinc levels (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.2\u20133.4) were linked to an increased probability of delivering a baby who is small for their gestational age. Conclusions: Low serum folate, red blood cell folate, and serum zinc concentrations were associated with gestational weight gain and having a small gestational age baby. Both excessive and insufficient gestational weight gain, as well as having a small gestational age baby, are frequent among adolescent mothers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16111632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T05:14:02Z","timestamp":1716786842000},"page":"1632","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Serum Folate, Red Blood Cell Folate, and Zinc Serum Levels Are Related with Gestational Weight Gain and Offspring\u2019s Birth-Weight of Adolescent Mothers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5490-1363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reyna","family":"S\u00e1mano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Coordinaci\u00f3n de Nutrici\u00f3n y Bioprogramaci\u00f3n, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda, Secretar\u00eda de Salud, M\u00e9xico City 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5301-9878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Rojano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, M\u00e9xico City 11340, Mexico"},{"name":"Coordinaci\u00f3n de Medicina Laboral, Instituto de Diagn\u00f3stico y Referencia Epidemiol\u00f3gicos (InDRE) \u201cDr. Manuel Mart\u00ednez B\u00e1ez\u201d, Secretar\u00eda de Salud, M\u00e9xico City 01480, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5741-0241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela","family":"Chico-Barba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coordinaci\u00f3n de Nutrici\u00f3n y Bioprogramaci\u00f3n, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda, Secretar\u00eda de Salud, M\u00e9xico City 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9102-4240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Gamboa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda, M\u00e9xico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maricruz","family":"Tolentino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coordinaci\u00f3n de Nutrici\u00f3n y Bioprogramaci\u00f3n, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda, Secretar\u00eda de Salud, M\u00e9xico City 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexa Xiomara","family":"Toledo-Barrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Nutrici\u00f3n, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62350, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coordinaci\u00f3n de Nutrici\u00f3n y Bioprogramaci\u00f3n, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda, Secretar\u00eda de Salud, M\u00e9xico City 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Eugenia","family":"Mendoza-Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coordinaci\u00f3n de Nutrici\u00f3n y Bioprogramaci\u00f3n, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda, Secretar\u00eda de Salud, M\u00e9xico City 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Trejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Neurobiolog\u00eda del Desarrollo, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda, Secretar\u00eda de Salud, M\u00e9xico City 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8940-1729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Estela","family":"God\u00ednez-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coordinaci\u00f3n de Nutrici\u00f3n y Bioprogramaci\u00f3n, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda, Secretar\u00eda de Salud, M\u00e9xico City 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2024, January 29). 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