{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T01:42:11Z","timestamp":1791855731436,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011094","name":"Public Health Agency of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1718-HQ-000774"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1718-HQ-000774"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011094","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Children and youths diagnosed with FASD may experience a range of adverse health and social outcomes. This cross-sectional study investigated the characteristics and outcomes of children and youths diagnosed with FASD between 2015 and 2018 at the Sunny Hill Centre in British Columbia, Canada and examined the relationships between prenatal substance exposures, FASD diagnostic categories, and adverse health and social outcomes. Patient chart data were obtained for 1187 children and youths diagnosed with FASD and analyzed. The patients (mean age: 9.7 years; range: 2\u201319) had up to 6 physical and 11 mental health disorders. Prenatal exposure to other substances (in addition to alcohol) significantly increased the severity of FASD diagnosis (OR: 1.18): the odds of FASD with sentinel facial features (SFF) were 41% higher with prenatal cigarette\/nicotine\/tobacco exposure; 75% higher with exposure to cocaine\/crack; and two times higher with exposure to opioids. Maternal mental health issues and poor nutrition also increase the severity of FASD diagnosis (60% and 6%, respectively). Prenatal exposure to other substances in addition to alcohol significantly predicts involvement in the child welfare system (OR: 1.52) and current substance use when adjusted for age (aOR: 1.51). Diagnosis of FASD with SFF is associated with an increased number of physical (R2 = 0.071, F (3,1183) = 30.51, p = 0.000) and mental health comorbidities (R2 = 0.023, F (3,1185) = 9.51, p = 0.000) as compared to FASD without SFF adjusted for age and the number of prenatal substances. Screening of pregnant women for alcohol and other substance use, mental health status, and nutrition is extremely important.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16111655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T07:38:39Z","timestamp":1716881919000},"page":"1655","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Prenatal Exposures, Diagnostic Outcomes, and Life Experiences of Children and Youths with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6308-1157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Svetlana","family":"Popova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King\u2019s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"},{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada"},{"name":"Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street W, Toronto, ON M5S 1V4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danijela","family":"Dozet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King\u2019s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary-Rose","family":"Faulkner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lesley","family":"Howie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Island Hospital Comox Valley, 101 Lerwick Rd, Courtenay, BC V9N 0B9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Temple","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surrey Place, 2 Surrey Place, Toronto, ON M5S 2C2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15243","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1161-12.2012","article-title":"A Longitudinal Study of the Long-Term Consequences of Drinking during Pregnancy: Heavy In Utero Alcohol Exposure Disrupts the Normal Processes of Brain Development","volume":"32","author":"Lebel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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