{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:01:13Z","timestamp":1787029273969,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":128,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most prevalent type of liver disease worldwide. The exact pathophysiology behind MASLD remains unclear; however, it is thought that a combination of factors or \u201chits\u201d act as precipitants for disease onset and progression. Abundant evidence supports the roles of diet, genes, metabolic dysregulation, and the intestinal microbiome in influencing the accumulation of lipids in hepatocytes and subsequent progression to inflammation and fibrosis. Currently, there is no cure for MASLD, but lifestyle changes have been the prevailing cornerstones of management. Research is now focusing on the intestinal microbiome as a potential therapeutic target for MASLD, with the spotlight shifting to probiotics, antibiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation. In this review, we provide an overview of how intestinal microbiota interact with the immune system to contribute to the pathogenesis of MASLD and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). We also summarize key microbial taxa implicated in the disease and discuss evidence supporting microbial-targeted therapies in its management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16111668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T06:58:07Z","timestamp":1716965887000},"page":"1668","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Implications of Microbiota and Immune System in Development and Progression of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7193-0657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jelena","family":"Popov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Combined Residency Program, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital & Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tijana","family":"Despot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6452-600X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Avelar Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1E8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irfan","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugene","family":"Mech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 C1P1 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0658-0719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahrukh","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milan","family":"Bojadzija","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Subotica General Hospital, 24000 Subotica, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7537-6059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikhil","family":"Pai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, McMaster Children\u2019s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lonardo, A., Leoni, S., Alswat, K.A., and Fouad, Y. 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