{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T16:22:53Z","timestamp":1788193373872,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,2]],"date-time":"2024-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR) Program \u201cDepartments of Excellence 2018\u20132022\u201d, FOHN","award":["2019-3277"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-3277"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR) Program \u201cDepartments of Excellence 2018\u20132022\u201d, FOHN","award":["2020\/PR-Single\/021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/PR-Single\/021"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR) Program \u201cDepartments of Excellence 2018\u20132022\u201d, FOHN","award":["ECS00000036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECS00000036"]}]},{"name":"AGING Projects","award":["2019-3277"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-3277"]}]},{"name":"AGING Projects","award":["2020\/PR-Single\/021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/PR-Single\/021"]}]},{"name":"AGING Projects","award":["ECS00000036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECS00000036"]}]},{"name":"Fondazione Cariplo","award":["2019-3277"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-3277"]}]},{"name":"Fondazione Cariplo","award":["2020\/PR-Single\/021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/PR-Single\/021"]}]},{"name":"Fondazione Cariplo","award":["ECS00000036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECS00000036"]}]},{"name":"Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla","award":["2019-3277"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-3277"]}]},{"name":"Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla","award":["2020\/PR-Single\/021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/PR-Single\/021"]}]},{"name":"Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla","award":["ECS00000036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECS00000036"]}]},{"name":"MUR\u2014M4C2 1.5 of the PNRR","award":["2019-3277"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-3277"]}]},{"name":"MUR\u2014M4C2 1.5 of the PNRR","award":["2020\/PR-Single\/021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/PR-Single\/021"]}]},{"name":"MUR\u2014M4C2 1.5 of the PNRR","award":["ECS00000036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECS00000036"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating autoimmune condition primarily affecting young adults, and its rise is evident globally. Despite this, its precise etiology remains elusive. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to MS susceptibility; however, the link between diet and MS lacks substantial evidence due to limited large-scale studies. We exploited the UK Biobank resources to explore the nexus between diet, lifestyle, and MS risk. The dietary and lifestyle habits of MS incident cases, derived from a general food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) completed by all participants at study enrollment, were compared to those of subjects who did not develop MS during the follow-up. Our findings suggest the protective role of moderate oily fish consumption and weekly alcohol intake. Furthermore, by analyzing food intake data obtained through 24 h recall, completed by a subset of participants, we found a protective, though non-significant, trend of an increased adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD). These findings, derived from the analysis of the UK Biobank and representing an unprecedented approach for this inquiry, warrant further exploration and integration in future research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16111746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T03:51:45Z","timestamp":1717386705000},"page":"1746","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Role of Diet in Multiple Sclerosis Onset: A Prospective Study Using UK Biobank"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Camilla","family":"Barbero Mazzucca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"},{"name":"Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenza","family":"Scotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6862-9468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristoforo","family":"Comi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"},{"name":"MS Centre, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carit\u00e0, 28100 Novara, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"},{"name":"Neurology Unit, S. Andrea Hospital, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5920-9210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domizia","family":"Vecchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"},{"name":"MS Centre, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carit\u00e0, 28100 Novara, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4349-1087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annalisa","family":"Chiocchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"},{"name":"Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5193-4688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Cappellano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"},{"name":"Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.102816","article-title":"Clinical Features of Late-Onset Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"50","author":"Naseri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mult. 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