{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T12:54:19Z","timestamp":1788353659900,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Alcal\u00e1","award":["PIUAH23\/CSJ-015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIUAH23\/CSJ-015"]}]},{"name":"University of Alcal\u00e1","award":["UAH INFR B 2019-006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UAH INFR B 2019-006"]}]},{"name":"University of Alcal\u00e1","award":["2023\/00088\/001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023\/00088\/001"]}]},{"name":"Ayudas a la Investigaci\u00f3n en Nutrici\u00f3n de iSanidad","award":["PIUAH23\/CSJ-015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIUAH23\/CSJ-015"]}]},{"name":"Ayudas a la Investigaci\u00f3n en Nutrici\u00f3n de iSanidad","award":["UAH INFR B 2019-006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UAH INFR B 2019-006"]}]},{"name":"Ayudas a la Investigaci\u00f3n en Nutrici\u00f3n de iSanidad","award":["2023\/00088\/001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023\/00088\/001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: This study assessed the impact of acute caffeine intake on muscular strength, power, and endurance performance between resistance-trained male and female individuals according to load in upper- and lower-body exercises. Methods: Here, 76 resistance-trained individuals (38 females, 38 males) participated in a study comparing caffeine and a placebo. Each received either 3 mg\/kg of caffeine or a placebo 60 min before tests measuring muscular strength and power through bench press and back squat exercises at different intensities (25%, 50%, 75%, 90% 1RM). Muscular endurance at 65% 1RM was also assessed by performing reps until reaching task failure. Results: Compared to placebo, caffeine increased mean, peak and time to reach peak velocity and power output (p &lt; 0.01, \u03b7p2 = 0.242\u20130.293) in the muscular strength\/power test in males and females. This effect was particularly observed in the back squat exercise at 50%, 75% and 90% 1RM (2.5\u20138.5%, p &lt; 0.05, g = 1.0\u20132.4). For muscular endurance, caffeine increased the number of repetitions, mean velocity and power output (p &lt; 0.001, \u03b7p2 = 0.177\u20130.255) in both sexes and exercises (3.0\u20138.9%, p &lt; 0.05, g = 0.15\u20130.33). Conclusions: Acute caffeine intake resulted in a similar ergogenic effect on muscular strength, power, and endurance performance in upper- and lower-body exercises for male and female resistance-trained participants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16111760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T08:43:54Z","timestamp":1717577034000},"page":"1760","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Sex Differences in the Ergogenic Response of Acute Caffeine Intake on Muscular Strength, Power and Endurance Performance in Resistance-Trained Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6596-8258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Jes\u00fas","family":"Montalvo-Alonso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, \u00c1rea de Educaci\u00f3n F\u00edsica y Deportiva, 28801 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3291-3042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Ferragut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, \u00c1rea de Educaci\u00f3n F\u00edsica y Deportiva, 28801 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"del Val-Manzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, \u00c1rea de Educaci\u00f3n F\u00edsica y Deportiva, 28801 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4709-2390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Valad\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, \u00c1rea de Educaci\u00f3n F\u00edsica y Deportiva, 28801 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3169-2041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justin","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0220-6240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"P\u00e9rez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, \u00c1rea de Educaci\u00f3n F\u00edsica y Deportiva, 28801 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-020-00383-4","article-title":"International society of sports nutrition position stand: Caffeine and exercise performance","volume":"18","author":"Guest","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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