{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T10:51:44Z","timestamp":1785235904110,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]],"date-time":"2024-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","award":["R01 DK110793"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DK110793"]}]},{"name":"National Institute Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","award":["R01ES035035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES035035"]}]},{"name":"National Institute Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","award":["P50 MD17344"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50 MD17344"]}]},{"name":"National Institute Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","award":["15PN-013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15PN-013"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"NIEHS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DK110793"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DK110793"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"NIEHS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01ES035035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES035035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"NIEHS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50 MD17344"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50 MD17344"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"NIEHS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15PN-013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15PN-013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities","award":["R01 DK110793"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DK110793"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities","award":["R01ES035035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES035035"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities","award":["P50 MD17344"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50 MD17344"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities","award":["15PN-013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15PN-013"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001130","name":"Gerber Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DK110793"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DK110793"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001130","name":"Gerber Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01ES035035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES035035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001130","name":"Gerber Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50 MD17344"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50 MD17344"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001130","name":"Gerber Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15PN-013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15PN-013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Growing evidence indicates that human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are important bioactive compounds that enhance health and developmental outcomes in breastfed babies. Maternal dietary intake likely contributes to variation in HMO composition, but studies identifying diet\u2013HMO relationships are few and inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate how the maternal intake of macronutrients and micronutrients\u2014specifically proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals\u2014associated with HMOs at 1 month (n = 210), 6 months (n = 131), and 12 months postpartum (n = 84). Several associations between maternal dietary factors and HMO profiles were identified utilizing partial correlation analysis. For example, maternal free sugar (rho = \u22120.02, p &lt; 0.01), added sugar (rho = \u22120.22, p &lt; 0.01), and sugary sweetened beverage (rho = \u22120.22, p &lt; 0.01) intake were negatively correlated with the most abundant HMO, 2\u2032-fucosyllactose (2\u2032-FL), at 1 month, suggesting that higher sugar consumption was associated with reduced levels of 2\u2032-FL. Further, vitamins D, C, K, and the minerals zinc and potassium were positively correlated with 2\u2032-FL at 1 month (pAll &lt; 0.05). For the longitudinal analysis, a mixed-effects linear regression model revealed significant associations between maternal vitamin intake and HMO profiles over time. For example, for each unit increase in niacin intake, there was a 31.355 nmol\/mL increase in 2\u2032-FL concentration (p = 0.03). Overall, the results provide additional evidence supporting a role for maternal nutrition in shaping HMO profiles, which may inform future intervention strategies with the potential of improving infant growth and development through optimal HMO levels in mothers\u2019 milk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16121795","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]],"date-time":"2024-06-07T04:38:56Z","timestamp":1717735136000},"page":"1795","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Maternal Diet Associated with Oligosaccharide Abundances in Human Milk from Latina Mothers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Pari","family":"Mokhtari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9916-1634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelsey A.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hashem","family":"Zamanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Saban Research Institute (TSRI) Data Science, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahsa","family":"Babaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1243-7901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Machle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Trifonova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7751-9543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanya L.","family":"Alderete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1773-0099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Holzhausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonatan","family":"Ottino-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bridget N.","family":"Chalifour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roshonda B.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalee","family":"Furst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence (MOMI CORE), and the Human Milk Institute (HMI), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92123, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chloe","family":"Yonemitsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence (MOMI CORE), and the Human Milk Institute (HMI), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92123, 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