{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T02:13:25Z","timestamp":1783995205556,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with high case fatality and significant healthcare costs. Recent studies emphasize the critical role of nutritional status in affecting outcomes in neurological disorders. This study investigates the relationship between the Prognostic Nutrition Index (PNI) and in-hospital complications and case fatality among patients with ICH. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed using data from the Changhua Christian Hospital Clinical Research Database between January 2015 and December 2022. Patients under 20 or over 100 years of age or with incomplete medical data were excluded. We utilized restricted cubic spline models, Kaplan\u2013Meier survival analysis, and ROC analysis to assess the association between PNI and clinical outcomes. Propensity score matching analysis was performed to balance these clinical variables between groups. Results: In this study, 2402 patients with spontaneous ICH were assessed using the median PNI value of 42.77. The cohort was evenly divided between low and high PNI groups, predominantly male (59.1%), with an average age of 64 years. Patients with lower PNI scores at admission had higher in-hospital complications and increased 28- and 90-day case fatality rates. Conclusions: Our study suggests that PNI could serve as a valuable marker for predicting medical complications and case fatality in patients with spontaneous ICH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16121841","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T04:30:12Z","timestamp":1718253012000},"page":"1841","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Low Prognostic Nutritional Index Predicts In-Hospital Complications and Case Fatality in Patients with Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Shang-Wun","family":"Jhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5922-2295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yen-Tze","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan"},{"name":"Big Data Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chew-Teng","family":"Kor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Big Data Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Statistics and Information Science, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Ping","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3767-7296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng-Hung","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61953-4","article-title":"Global and regional burden of stroke during 1990\u20132010: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010","volume":"383","author":"Feigin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000208400.08722.7c","article-title":"Long-term mortality after intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"66","author":"Flaherty","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2013.03.030","article-title":"The incidence, hospital expenditure, and, 30 day and 1 year mortality rates of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in Taiwan","volume":"21","author":"Chan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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