{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T19:15:47Z","timestamp":1785352547315,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,15]],"date-time":"2024-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"LaMarat\u00f3-TV3","award":["2018-27\/30-31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-27\/30-31"]}]},{"name":"LaMarat\u00f3-TV3","award":["2023 FISDU 00035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023 FISDU 00035"]}]},{"name":"Generalitat de Catalunya","award":["2018-27\/30-31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-27\/30-31"]}]},{"name":"Generalitat de Catalunya","award":["2023 FISDU 00035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023 FISDU 00035"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Immune system development during gestation and suckling is significantly modulated by maternal environmental and dietary factors. Breastfeeding is widely recognized as the optimal source of nutrition for infant growth and immune maturation, and its composition can be modulated by the maternal diet. In the present work, we investigated whether oral supplementation with Bifidobacterium breve M-16V and short-chain galacto-oligosaccharide (scGOS) and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharide (lcFOS) to rat dams during gestation and lactation has an impact on the immune system and microbiota composition of the offspring at day 21 of life. On that day, blood, adipose tissue, small intestine (SI), mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), salivary gland (SG), cecum, and spleen were collected. Synbiotic supplementation did not affect the overall body or organ growth of the pups. The gene expression of Tlr9, Muc2, IgA, and Blimp1 were upregulated in the SI, and the increase in IgA gene expression was further confirmed at the protein level in the gut wash. Synbiotic supplementation also positively impacted the microbiota composition in both the small and large intestines, resulting in higher proportions of Bifidobacterium genus, among others. In addition, there was an increase in butanoic, isobutanoic, and acetic acid concentrations in the cecum but a reduction in the small intestine. At the systemic level, synbiotic supplementation resulted in higher levels of immunoglobulin IgG2c in plasma, SG, and MLN, but it did not modify the main lymphocyte subsets in the spleen and MLN. Overall, synbiotic maternal supplementation is able to positively influence the immune system development and microbiota of the suckling offspring, particularly at the gastrointestinal level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16121890","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T04:48:12Z","timestamp":1718599692000},"page":"1890","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Maternal Synbiotic Supplementation with B. breve M-16V and scGOS\/lcFOS Shape Offspring Immune Development and Gut Microbiota at the End of Suckling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9866-2377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"S\u00e1ez-Fuertes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8414-9723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Garyfallia","family":"Kapravelou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1071-6195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Blanca","family":"Grases-Pint\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3011-5373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Bernabeu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agrochemisty and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), 46980 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3700-9047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen","family":"Knipping","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danone Research & Innovation, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8678-9182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johan","family":"Garssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danone Research & Innovation, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0765-8350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rapha\u00eblle","family":"Bourdet-Sicard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danone Global Research & Innovation Center, 91 190 Gif, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5408-0593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarida","family":"Castell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain"},{"name":"Center for Biomedical Research Network for the Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6204-4864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Carmen","family":"Collado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agrochemisty and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), 46980 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6243-9164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Jos\u00e9","family":"P\u00e9rez-Cano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7870-8250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Lagunas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"4742","article-title":"The Role of Diet on Gut Microbiota Composition","volume":"20","author":"Ianiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. 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