{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T19:07:32Z","timestamp":1790104052656,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University\u2013Industry Cooperation Fund, National Taiwan Sport University","award":["1101090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1101090"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Probiotics are posited to enhance exercise performance by influencing muscle protein synthesis, augmenting glycogen storage, and reducing inflammation. This double-blind study randomized 88 participants to receive a six-week intervention with either a placebo, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis LY-66, Lactobacillus plantarum PL-02, or a combination of both strains, combined with a structured exercise training program. We assessed changes in maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), exercise performance, and gut microbiota composition before and after the intervention. Further analyses were conducted to evaluate the impact of probiotics on exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), muscle integrity, and inflammatory markers in the blood, 24 and 48 h post-intervention. The results demonstrated that all probiotic groups exhibited significant enhancements in exercise performance and attenuation of muscle strength decline post-exercise exhaustion (p &lt; 0.05). Notably, PL-02 intake significantly increased muscle mass, whereas LY-66 and the combination therapy significantly reduced body fat percentage (p &lt; 0.05). Analysis of intestinal microbiota revealed an increase in beneficial bacteria, especially a significant rise in Akkermansia muciniphila following supplementation with PL-02 and LY-66 (p &lt; 0.05). Overall, the combination of exercise training and supplementation with PL-02, LY-66, and their combination improved muscle strength, explosiveness, and endurance performance, and had beneficial effects on body composition and gastrointestinal health, as evidenced by data obtained from non-athlete participants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16121921","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T03:42:06Z","timestamp":1718682126000},"page":"1921","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Efficacy of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis LY-66 and Lactobacillus plantarum PL-02 in Enhancing Explosive Strength and Endurance: A Randomized, Double-Blinded Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Mon-Chien","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 333325, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for General Education, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Ju","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 333325, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mu-Tsung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Committee on General Studies, Shih Chien University, Taipei City 104, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5107-426X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi-Wei","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional R&D Department, Research and Design Center, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan City 744, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3386-6313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jia-Hung","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional R&D Department, Research and Design Center, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan City 744, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3714-4262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Chieh","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Product Department, Research and Design Center, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan City 744, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3661-1949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yen-Yu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional R&D Department, Research and Design Center, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan City 744, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching-Min","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional R&D Department, Research and Design Center, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan City 744, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin-Yu","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Product Department, Research and Design Center, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan City 744, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ko-Chiang","family":"Hsia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Product Department, Research and Design Center, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan City 744, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsieh-Hsun","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional R&D Department, Research and Design Center, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan City 744, Taiwan"},{"name":"Research Product Department, Research and Design Center, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan City 744, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1446-6787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chi-Chang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 333325, Taiwan"},{"name":"Tajen University, Pingtung 907101, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1097\/00001504-200503000-00013","article-title":"Exercise and well-being: A review of mental and physical health benefits associated with physical activity","volume":"18","author":"Penedo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. 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