{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T19:20:53Z","timestamp":1779304853155,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The relationship between vitamin A supplementation and myopia has been a topic of debate, with conflicting and inconclusive findings. We aimed to determine whether there is a causal relationship between vitamin A supplementation and the risk of myopia using Mendelian randomization (MR) and meta-analytical methods. Genetic variants from the UK Biobank and FinnGen studies associated with the response to vitamin A supplementation were employed as instrumental variables to evaluate the causal relationship between vitamin A supplementation and myopia. Fixed-effects meta-analysis was then used to combine MR estimates from multiple sources for each outcome. The meta-analysis of MR results found no convincing evidence to support a direct causal relationship between vitamin A supplementation and myopia risk (odds ratio (OR) = 0.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.82\u20131.20, I2 = 0%, p = 0.40). The analysis of three out of the four sets of MR analyses indicated no direction of causal effect, whereas the other set of results suggested that higher vitamin A supplementation was associated with a lower risk of myopia (OR = 0.002, 95% CI 1.17 \u00d7 10\u22126\u20133.099, p = 0.096). This comprehensive MR study and meta-analysis did not find valid evidence of a direct association between vitamin A supplementation and myopia. Vitamin A supplementation may not have an independent effect on myopia, but intraocular processes associated with vitamin A may indirectly contribute to its development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16121933","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]],"date-time":"2024-06-19T04:21:28Z","timestamp":1718770888000},"page":"1933","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["No Evidence of an Association between Genetic Factors Affecting Response to Vitamin A Supplementation and Myopia: A Mendelian Randomization Study and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7822-2338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaotong","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China"},{"name":"Research Unit of Myopia Basic Research and Clinical Prevention and Control, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wenzhou 325027, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1009-8905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nianen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100730, China"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weihong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.5.6","article-title":"IMI Prevention of Myopia and Its Progression","volume":"62","author":"Jonas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Investig. 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