{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T05:13:05Z","timestamp":1772082785387,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Hatch WI1022808"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Hatch WI1022808"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Excessive vitamin A (VA) negatively impacts bone. Interactions between VA and vitamin D (VD) in bone health are not well-understood. This study used a traditional two-by-two factorial design. Pigs were weaned and randomized to four treatments (n = 13\/group): \u2212A\u2212D, \u2212A+D, +A\u2212D, and +A+D for 3 and 5 wk. Serum, liver, kidney, adrenal glands, spleen, and lung were analyzed by ultra-performance LC. Growth was evaluated by weight measured weekly and BMD by DXA. Weights were higher in \u2212A+D (18.1 \u00b1 1.0 kg) and +A+D (18.2 \u00b1 2.3 kg) at 5 wk than in \u2212A\u2212D (15.5 \u00b1 2.1 kg) and +A\u2212D (15.8 \u00b1 1.5 kg). Serum retinol concentrations were 0.25 \u00b1 0.023, 0.22 \u00b1 0.10, 0.77 \u00b1 0.12, and 0.84 \u00b1 0.28 \u00b5mol\/L; and liver VA concentrations were 0.016 \u00b1 0.015, 0.0065 \u00b1 0.0035, 2.97 \u00b1 0.43, 3.05 \u00b1 0.68 \u00b5mol\/g in \u2212A\u2212D, \u2212A+D, +A\u2212D, and +A+D, respectively. Serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations were 1.5 \u00b1 1.11, 1.8 \u00b1 0.43, 27.7 \u00b1 8.91, and 23.9 \u00b1 6.67 ng\/mL in \u2212A\u2212D, +A\u2212D, \u2212A+D, +A+D, respectively, indicating a deficiency in \u2212D and adequacy in +D. BMD was highest in +D (p &lt; 0.001). VA and the interaction had no effect on BMD. Dietary VD influenced weight gain, BMD, and health despite VA status.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16132037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T04:19:26Z","timestamp":1719461966000},"page":"2037","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Vitamin D Maintains Growth and Bone Mineral Density against a Background of Severe Vitamin A Deficiency and Moderate Toxicity in a Swine Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8706-0007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cacious B.","family":"Phiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolism Graduate Program, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher R.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolism Graduate Program, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Grahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolism Graduate Program, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1781-9242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bryan M.","family":"Gannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolism Graduate Program, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brittney P.","family":"Kokinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8886-0264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas D.","family":"Crenshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7022-1760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sherry A.","family":"Tanumihardjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolism Graduate Program, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-129-10-199811150-00003","article-title":"Excessive dietary intake of vitamin A is associated with reduced bone mineral density and increased risk for hip fracture","volume":"129","author":"Melhus","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann. 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