{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T03:18:04Z","timestamp":1782789484496,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]],"date-time":"2024-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Brigitta and Norbert Muth Stiftung, Wiesbaden, Germany"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Amygdalin is purported to exhibit anti-cancer properties when hydrolyzed to hydrogen cyanide (HCN). However, knowledge about amygdalin efficacy is limited. A questionnaire evaluating the efficacy, treatment, and dosing protocols, reasons for use, HCN levels, and toxicity was distributed to physicians and healers in Germany, providing amygdalin as an anti-cancer drug. Physicians (20) and healers (18) provided amygdalin over 8 (average) years to nearly 80 annually treated patients\/providers. Information about amygdalin was predominantly obtained from colleagues (55%). Amygdalin was administered both intravenously (100%) and orally (32%). Intravenous application was considered to maximally delay disease progression (90%) and relieve symptoms (55%). Dosing was based on recommendations from colleagues (71%) or personal experience (47%). If limited success became apparent after an initial 3g\/infusion, infusions were increased to 27g\/infusion. Treatment response was primarily monitored with established (26%) and non-established tumor markers (19%). 90% did not monitor HCN levels. Negative effects were restricted to a few dizzy spells and nausea. Only 58% were willing to participate in clinical trials or contribute data for analysis (34%). Amygdalin infusions are commonly administered by healers and physicians with few side effects. The absence of standardized treatment calls for guidelines. Since intravenous application bypasses metabolization, re-evaluation of its mode of action is required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16132068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T04:53:27Z","timestamp":1719809607000},"page":"2068","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Survey of Physicians and Healers Using Amygdalin to Treat Cancer Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Sascha D.","family":"Markowitsch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sali","family":"Binali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jochen","family":"Rutz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix K.-H.","family":"Chun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Haferkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5107-3523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor","family":"Tsaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6321-8707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Juengel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikita D.","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0129-7972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roman A.","family":"Blaheta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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