{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T16:06:34Z","timestamp":1789833994032,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,29]],"date-time":"2024-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"American Pecan Council","award":["202604"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202604"]}]},{"name":"American Pecan Council","award":["UL1 TR002535"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR002535"]}]},{"name":"American Pecan Council","award":["UM1 TR004399"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1 TR004399"]}]},{"name":"NIH\/NCATS","award":["202604"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202604"]}]},{"name":"NIH\/NCATS","award":["UL1 TR002535"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR002535"]}]},{"name":"NIH\/NCATS","award":["UM1 TR004399"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1 TR004399"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The differential effects of pecans versus other popular snack foods on appetite and blood markers of metabolism and satiety have not been well studied. This study investigated the effects of a single mid-morning snack of pecans or tortilla chips on subjective appetite, food intake, blood measures of hormones and metabolites, and resting energy expenditure. Methods: Twenty participants with overweight and obesity were enrolled in a within-participants, randomized crossover trial. Participants had indwelling catheters placed for blood sampling and were fed a standardized breakfast, followed two hours later by a 250 kcal snack of either pecans or tortilla chips, and then by a self-selected lunch. Visual analog scale (VAS) appetite measures, blood markers, and energy expenditure were taken at intervals after food consumption. Results: VAS ratings, energy, food intake and macronutrient composition did not differ between treatment conditions, but glucose and insulin were significantly more elevated after tortilla chips. Free fatty acids (FFA), triglycerides (TG), peptide YY (PYY), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) were higher after consuming pecans compared to tortilla chips. Conclusions: Pecan consumption improves postprandial glucose and insulin profiles which would be beneficial to individuals at risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Further studies are needed to investigate whether increased relative secretion of PYY and GLP-1 after eating pecans versus tortilla chips may affect subjective appetite and energy intake if consumed chronically.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16132084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T04:53:27Z","timestamp":1719809607000},"page":"2084","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Randomized, Crossover Trial Assessing Appetite, Energy Metabolism, Blood Biomarkers, and Ad Libitum Food Intake Responses to a Mid-Morning Pecan Snack vs. an Equicaloric High-Carbohydrate Snack in Healthy Volunteers with Overweight\/Obesity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"John C.","family":"Peters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, 12348 E. Montview Blvd., MailStop C263, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 E. 17th Ave., RC1 South Rm 7103, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanne Anne","family":"Breen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, 12348 E. Montview Blvd., MailStop C263, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoxing","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13123 E. 16th Ave., B065, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4418-5919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacinda","family":"Nicklas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, 12348 E. Montview Blvd., MailStop C263, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"},{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 E. 17th Ave., RC1 South Rm 7103, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc-Andre","family":"Cornier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas St., CSB 822, Charleston, SC 29425, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, Y., Keogh, J.B., and Clifton, P.M. (2017). Benefits of Nut Consumption on Insulin Resistance and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Multiple Potential Mechanisms of Actions. 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