{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T10:09:56Z","timestamp":1788862196253,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the effects of plant-based diets on markers of insulin sensitivity in people with overweight\/obesity, prediabetes, or type 2 diabetes (T2D). A systematic literature search in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and CENTRAL was conducted, and randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effect of plant-based diets (vegan, ovo-vegetarian, lacto-vegetarian, and lacto-ovo-vegetarian) for \u226514 d on markers of insulin sensitivity in adults (\u226518 years) with BMI \u2265 25 kg\/m2, prediabetes, or T2D were eligible. We identified eight RCTs, including 716 participants. In comparison with control diets, plant-based diets improved Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) (\u22120.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) (\u22121.67, \u22120.27), p = 0.007) and fasting insulin (\u22124.13 \u00b5U\/mL, 95% CI (\u22127.22, \u22121.04), p = 0.009) in people with overweight\/obesity. In people with prediabetes, one study compared vegan and vegetarian diets and found no difference in HOMA-IR, or fasting insulin. One study of people with T2D reported no difference in immunoreactive insulin and metabolic glucose clearance compared with a conventional diabetes diet. In conclusion, adhering to plant-based diets for \u226514 d improved HOMA-IR and fasting insulin in people with overweight\/obesity. Long-term RCTs are needed to determine whether plant-based diets can result in prolonged improvements in insulin sensitivity in people at risk of or with T2D.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16132110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T09:01:39Z","timestamp":1719910899000},"page":"2110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Effects of Plant-Based Diets on Markers of Insulin Sensitivity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1580-1252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne-Ditte","family":"Termannsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 83, 2730 Herlev, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9302-354X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian S\u00fcmeghy","family":"S\u00f8ndergaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 83, 2730 Herlev, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristine","family":"F\u00e6rch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 83, 2730 Herlev, Denmark"},{"name":"Novo Nordisk A\/S, Vandt\u00e5rnsvej 108, 2860 S\u00f8borg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2108-674X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tue Helms","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 83, 2730 Herlev, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5229-4491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"Raben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 83, 2730 Herlev, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, SCIENCE, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6036-0962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas Salling","family":"Quist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 83, 2730 Herlev, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark"},{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Leeds, University Rd., Woodhouse, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S19","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-S002","article-title":"2. 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