{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T05:54:46Z","timestamp":1794030886310,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]],"date-time":"2024-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","award":["CORPG8N0091"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CORPG8N0091"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Resveratrol, acting as a prebiotic, and propionate, functioning as a postbiotic, hold promise for preventing hypertension in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Previously, we employed propionate to enhance the bioavailability of resveratrol through esterification, resulting in the production of a resveratrol propionate ester (RPE) mixture. In this study, we purified 3-O-propanoylresveratrol (RPE2) and 3,4\u2032-di-O-propanoylresveratrol (RPE4) and investigated their protective effects in a juvenile rat adenine-induced CKD model. To this end, male Sprague Dawley rats aged three weeks (n = 40) were divided into five groups: control; CKD (rats fed adenine); CKRSV (CKD rats treated with 50 mg\/L resveratrol); CDRPE2 (CKD rats treated with 25 mg\/L RPE2); and CKRPE4 (CKD rats treated with 25 mg\/L RPE 4). RPE2 and PRE4 similarly exhibited blood pressure-lowering effects comparable to those of resveratrol, along with increased nitric oxide (NO) availability. Furthermore, RPE2 and RPE4 positively influenced plasma short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels and induced distinct alterations in the gut microbial composition of adenine-fed juvenile rats. The supplementation of RPE2 and RPE4, by restoring NO, elevating SCFAs, and modulating the gut microbiota, holds potential for ameliorating CKD-induced hypertension.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16132131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]],"date-time":"2024-07-04T06:28:54Z","timestamp":1720074534000},"page":"2131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Resveratrol Propionate Ester Supplement Exerts Antihypertensive Effect in Juvenile Rats Exposed to an Adenine Diet via Gut Microbiota Modulation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7059-6407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"You-Lin","family":"Tain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi-I","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan"},{"name":"Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8007-6077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chih-Yao","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3560-7470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guo-Ping","family":"Chang-Chien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan"},{"name":"Super Micro Mass Research and Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4884-8081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shu-Fen","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan"},{"name":"Super Micro Mass Research and Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7470-528X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chien-Ning","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000595","article-title":"Role of hypertension in progression of chronic kidney disease in children","volume":"30","author":"Vidi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. 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