{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T15:00:16Z","timestamp":1791558016999,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":191,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This review summarizes the relationship between diet, the gut microbiome, and migraine. Key findings reveal that certain dietary factors, such as caffeine and alcohol, can trigger migraine, while nutrients like magnesium and riboflavin may help alleviate migraine symptoms. The gut microbiome, through its influence on neuroinflammation (e.g., vagus nerve and cytokines), gut\u2013brain signaling (e.g., gamma-aminobutyric acid), and metabolic function (e.g., short-chain fatty acids), plays a crucial role in migraine susceptibility. Migraine can also alter eating behaviors, leading to poor nutritional choices and further exacerbating the condition. Individual variability in diet and microbiome composition highlights the need for personalized dietary and prebiotic interventions. Epidemiological and clinical data support the effectiveness of tailored nutritional approaches, such as elimination diets and the inclusion of beneficial nutrients, in managing migraine. More work is needed to confirm the role of prebiotics, probiotics, and potentially fecal microbiome translation in the management of migraine. Future research should focus on large-scale studies to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of bidirectional interaction between diet and migraine and develop evidence-based clinical guidelines. Integrating dietary management, gut health optimization, and lifestyle modifications can potentially offer a holistic approach to reducing migraine frequency and severity, ultimately improving patient outcomes and quality of life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16142222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T11:30:55Z","timestamp":1720697455000},"page":"2222","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The Brain, the Eating Plate, and the Gut Microbiome: Partners in Migraine Pathogenesis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0109-3600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Parisa","family":"Gazerani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Health Science & Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, 9260 Gistrup, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3336-9205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Papetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental Neurology, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza di Sant\u2019Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Turgay","family":"Dalkara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neuroscience and Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Calli Leighann","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Brain Health Center, General Neurology, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA"},{"name":"Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6464-6308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caitlin","family":"Webster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6726-5714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinbing","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"},{"name":"Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.1640","article-title":"Diagnosis and Management of Headache: A Review","volume":"325","author":"Robbins","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JAA.0000000000000014","article-title":"An update on migraine: Current and new treatment options","volume":"37","author":"Hervias","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAAPA"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14151","article-title":"Learning the full impact of migraine through patient voices: A qualitative study","volume":"61","author":"Estave","year":"2021","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-020-01208-0","article-title":"Migraine remains second among the world\u2019s causes of disability, and first among young women: Findings from GBD2019","volume":"21","author":"Steiner","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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