{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:01:24Z","timestamp":1787029284317,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)","award":["PI13\/01237"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI13\/01237"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)","award":["19443\/PI\/14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19443\/PI\/14"]}]},{"name":"Seneca Foundation, Murcia Regional Agency of Science and Technology","award":["PI13\/01237"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI13\/01237"]}]},{"name":"Seneca Foundation, Murcia Regional Agency of Science and Technology","award":["19443\/PI\/14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19443\/PI\/14"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a leading cause of infertility, with an estimated worldwide prevalence between 5% and 15%. We conducted a case\u2013control study with 121 PCOS patients and 155 controls to assess the association between coffee intake and the presence of having a diagnosis of PCOS in women in Murcia, Spain. The PCOS diagnosis was determined following Rotterdam criteria (the presence of two of the following three conditions: hyperandrogenism, oligo-anovulation, and\/or polycystic ovarian morphology). Coffee consumption was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multiple logistic regression. Coffee consumption was categorized into never, less than one cup per day, one cup per day, and two or more cups per day. We found a significant inverse linear trend: the higher the coffee consumption, the lower the probability of having PCOS in multivariable analysis (p-trend = 0.034). Women who presented with PCOS were less likely to drink one cup of coffee compared to those who had never drunk coffee (OR = 0.313, 95% CI: 0.141\u20130.69). The consumption of at least one cup of coffee per day may be associated with a decrease in PCOS symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16142238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T15:59:48Z","timestamp":1720713588000},"page":"2238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Association between Coffee Consumption and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: An Exploratory Case\u2013Control Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"A\u00efcha","family":"Meliani-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8728-9817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Cutillas-Tol\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0657-9346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaime","family":"Mendiola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9173-5229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Luisa","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Ferrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Clinical Hospital, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernesto","family":"De la Cruz-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, San Javier Campus, University of Murcia, 30720 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2284-148X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Vioque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria y Biom\u00e9dica de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez (ISABIAL-UMH), 03010 Alicante, Spain"},{"name":"Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica, CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5402-1016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto M.","family":"Torres-Cantero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica, CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16057","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.57","article-title":"Polycystic Ovary Syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Azziz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. 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