{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T21:24:42Z","timestamp":1784237082227,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)","award":["PI\/19\/00037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI\/19\/00037"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Society of Transplant","award":["PI\/19\/00037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI\/19\/00037"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Phase angle (PhA), a marker of nutritional status obtained by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), is associated with the integrity of cell membranes. Damage to muscle fiber membranes can impact muscle strength, which is related to adverse outcomes in adults with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). The main objective of this study was to determine the usefulness of the PhA in identifying muscle weakness in candidates for kidney transplants (KTs). Secondly, it aimed to examine the associations of PhA with other parameters of body composition, exercise performance, and muscle structure. Sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve were used to evaluate the PhA (index test) as a biomarker of muscle weakness. Muscle strength was estimated with maximal voluntary isometric contraction of the quadriceps (MVCI-Q) of the dominant side. Muscle weakness was defined as MVIC-Q &lt; 40% of body weight. A total of 119 patients were evaluated (mean age 63.7 years, 75.6% men). A phase angle cut-off of 5.1\u00b0 was identified to classify men with a higher likelihood of having low muscle strength in upper limbs (MVIC-Q 40% of their body weight). Male KT candidates with PhA &lt; 5.1\u00b0 had poorer exercise capacity, lower muscle strength, less muscle mass, and smaller muscle size. A PhA &lt; 5.1\u00b0 was significantly associated with an eight-fold higher muscle weakness risk (OR = 8.2, 95%CI 2.3\u201329.2) in a binary regression model adjusted by age, frailty, and hydration status. Remarkably, PhA is an easily obtainable objective parameter in CKD patients, requiring no volitional effort from the individual. The associations of PhA with aerobic capacity, physical activity, muscle mass, and muscle size underscore its clinical relevance and potential utility in the comprehensive evaluation of these patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16142245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T11:28:03Z","timestamp":1720783683000},"page":"2245","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Phase Angle as Surrogate Marker of Muscle Weakness in Kidney Transplant Candidates Referred to Prehabilitation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3412-0356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ester","family":"Marco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Rehabilitation Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Dr. Aiguader Building (Mar Campus), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8601-2699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9","family":"P\u00e9rez-S\u00e1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6288-0408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Redondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Rehabilitation Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulibeth G.","family":"Curbelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Rehabilitation Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindry","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Fuentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Rehabilitation Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9259-7745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Delky","family":"Meza-Valderrama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, National Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (INMFRE), Panama City 0819, Panama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Acu\u00f1a-Pardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00aa Dolors","family":"Muns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"V\u00e1zquez-Ibar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, Centre-F\u00f2rum Hospital del Mar, 08019 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Betty Odette","family":"Chamoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Faura-Vendrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0571-6131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Bach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Crespo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julio","family":"Pascual","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, 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