{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T13:20:10Z","timestamp":1793193610350,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009687","name":"Wroclaw Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SUBZ.C290.24.054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUBZ.C290.24.054"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009687","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Obesity impacts mental health greatly. Psychological factors may influence the effectiveness of its treatment. This study aimed to compare symptoms of generalised anxiety disorder and depression among adult women across different weight categories. The study sample comprised 1105 adult women. The computer-assisted web interview (CAWI) utilising the seven-item Generalised Anxiety Disorders Scale (GAD-7) and the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used. Both GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores correlated positively with BMI (r = 0.121, p &lt; 0.001 and r = 0.173, p &lt; 0.001, respectively) and negatively with age (r = \u22120.106, p &lt; 0.001 and r = \u22120.103, p &lt; 0.001, respectively). Patients undergoing treatment with semaglutide scored lower for both anxiety symptoms (8.71 \u00b1 6.16, p = 0.013) and depression symptoms (9.76 \u00b1 6.37, p = 0.013). Women who underwent bariatric surgery screened less frequently for anxiety (8.03 \u00b1 6.27, p = 0.002) but not for depression. An interdisciplinary approach involving mental health professionals within the therapeutic team can comprehensively address factors contributing to obesity development and treatment outcomes. Further investigation of semaglutide\u2019s use is needed due to the promising evidence suggesting a positive effect on decreasing the severity of depression and anxiety symptoms to assess the direct or indirect character of this influence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16152438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T13:04:59Z","timestamp":1721999099000},"page":"2438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Association between Symptoms of Depression and Generalised Anxiety Disorder Evaluated through PHQ-9 and GAD-7 and Anti-Obesity Treatment in Polish Adult Women"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7651-3948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Witaszek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tomasz Witaszek-Gabinet Leczenia Oty\u0142o\u015bci, ul. J\u00f3zefi\u0144ska 33\/8, 30-529 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0395-9826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina","family":"K\u0142oda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MEDFIT Karolina K\u0142oda, ul. Narutowicza 13E\/11, 70-240 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Mastalerz-Migas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7719-6959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateusz","family":"Babicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2024, January 09). WHO European Regional Obesity Report 2022. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/europe\/publications\/i\/item\/9789289057738."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1159\/000375143","article-title":"The Global Burden of Obesity and the Challenges of Prevention","volume":"66","author":"Seidell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-018-0213-z","article-title":"Severe Obesity and Cardio-Metabolic Comorbidities: A Nationwide Study of 2.8 Million Adolescents","volume":"43","author":"Twig","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12157","article-title":"Metabolically Healthy Obesity and Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies","volume":"15","author":"Bell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lavallee, K.L., Zhang, X.C., Schneider, S., and Margraf, J. (2021). Obesity and Mental Health: A Longitudinal, Cross-Cultural Examination in Germany and China. Front. Psychol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.712567"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.2","article-title":"Overweight, Obesity, and Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies","volume":"67","author":"Luppino","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.116.186726","article-title":"Association between Body Size, Weight Change and Depression: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"211","author":"Jung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.90.2.251","article-title":"Relationships between Obesity and DSM-IV Major Depressive Disorder, Suicide Ideation, and Suicide Attempts: Results from a General Population Study","volume":"90","author":"Carpenter","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2024.101727","article-title":"The experiences of individuals with body dysmorphic disorder: A systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative research","volume":"50","author":"Thomson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Body Image"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.6000.7","article-title":"Jolly Fat: Relation between Obesity and Psychoneurosis in General Population","volume":"1","author":"Crisp","year":"1976","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2024.03.005","article-title":"Body mass index distributions and obesity prevalence in a transgender youth cohort\u2014A retrospective analysis","volume":"75","author":"Knaus","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health Off. Publ. Soc. Adolesc. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.4103\/ipj.ipj_38_18","article-title":"Factors predicting the presence of depression in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"29","author":"Shoib","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ind. Psychiatry J."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-018-1512-3","article-title":"The Relation between Obesity and Depressed Mood in a Multi-Ethnic Population. The HELIUS Study","volume":"53","author":"Bot","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1007\/s40211-019-0302-9","article-title":"Obesity and Anxiety Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"33","author":"Amiri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2008.268","article-title":"Depression and Anxiety among US Adults: Associations with Body Mass Index","volume":"33","author":"Zhao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2012.09.023","article-title":"Perceptions of Emotional Eating Behavior. A Qualitative Study of College Students","volume":"60","author":"Bennett","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.11.025","article-title":"Association between Anxiety and Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Studies","volume":"77","author":"Tang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.10.116","article-title":"Body mass index in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"245","author":"Abramovitch","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13543","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13543","article-title":"Comparative Effectiveness of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for the Management of Obesity in Adults without Diabetes: A Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials","volume":"24","author":"Alkhezi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-008-9726-1","article-title":"Psychological Characteristics of Morbidly Obese Candidates for Bariatric Surgery","volume":"20","author":"Mellado","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obes. Surg."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, H.-Y., Huang, C.-K., Tai, C.-M., Lin, H.-Y., Kao, Y.-H., Tsai, C.-C., Hsuan, C.-F., Lee, S.-L., Chi, S.-C., and Yen, Y.-C. (2013). Psychiatric Disorders of Patients Seeking Obesity Treatment. BMC Psychiatry, 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-13-1"},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2024, July 16). Defining adult overweight and obesity. Updated 3 June 2022, Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/obesity\/basics\/adult-defining.html."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2146","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732320924625","article-title":"Use of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in Practice: Interactions between Patients and Physicians","volume":"30","author":"Ford","year":"2020","journal-title":"Qual. Health Res."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"187","article-title":"Ocena Psychometrycznych W\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015bci Polskiej Wersji Kwestionariusza Zdrowia Pacjenta-9 Dla Os\u00f3b Doros\u0142ych","volume":"13","author":"Kokoszka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatria"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","article-title":"A Brief Measure for Assessing Generalized Anxiety Disorder: The GAD-7","volume":"166","author":"Spitzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"(2024, March 30). Phqscreeners. Available online: https:\/\/www.phqscreeners.com\/."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cavicchiolo, E., Sibilio, M., Lucidi, F., Cozzolino, M., Chirico, A., Girelli, L., Manganelli, S., Giancamilli, F., Galli, F., and Diotaiuti, P. (2022). The Psychometric Properties of the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-3): Factorial Structure, Invariance and Validity in the Italian Context. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19041937"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.07.020","article-title":"Depression, Anxiety and Health Status across Different BMI Classes: A Representative Study in Germany","volume":"276","author":"Herhaus","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1177\/1474515114542558","article-title":"Depressive Symptoms Are Associated with Obesity in Adults with Heart Failure: An Analysis of Gender Differences","volume":"14","author":"Hawkins","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cardiovasc. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"e21841","article-title":"Correlation between Body Mass Index and Depression\/Depression-like Symptoms among Different Genders and Races","volume":"14","author":"Badillo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u015awider, K., Baska, A., Babicki, M., Mastalerz-Migas, A., and K\u0142oda, K. (2023). Weight Stigma and Fat Phobia in Poland\u2014Attitudes towards People Living with Obesity and the Level of Knowledge about Obesity among the Social Media Internet Respondents and Medical Professionals. Front. Nutr., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1287783"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"odac009","DOI":"10.1093\/ooec\/odac009","article-title":"The Relationship between Obesity and Self-Esteem: Longitudinal Evidence from Australian Adults","volume":"1","author":"Byth","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxf. Open Econ."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1159\/000454837","article-title":"Body Dissatisfaction in Individuals with Obesity Compared to Normal-Weight Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"9","author":"Weinberger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obes. Facts"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1080\/03630240802575104","article-title":"Psychiatric Comorbidity in Women with Disordered Eating Behavior: A National Study","volume":"48","author":"Gadalla","year":"2008","journal-title":"Women Health"},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"194732","article-title":"Eating Disorders and Major Depression: Role of Anger and Personality","volume":"2011","author":"Giovanni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Depress. Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22386","article-title":"Sleep Duration and Depression among Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies: Research Article: Sleep Duration and Depression","volume":"32","author":"Zhai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/33.2.161","article-title":"Association of Short Sleep Duration with Weight Gain and Obesity at 1-Year Follow-up: A Large-Scale Prospective Study","volume":"33","author":"Watanabe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"e22711","article-title":"Obesity: A Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation and Its Markers","volume":"14","author":"Khanna","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.02.010","article-title":"Inflammatory Markers in Depression: A Meta-Analysis of Mean Differences and Variability in 5,166 Patients and 5,083 Controls","volume":"87","author":"Osimo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Won, E., and Kim, Y.-K. (2020). Neuroinflammation-Associated Alterations of the Brain as Potential Neural Biomarkers in Anxiety Disorders. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186546"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.11.004","article-title":"Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Dysregulation in Depressed Adolescents with Non-Suicidal Self-Injury","volume":"102","author":"Begnel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luca, L., and Nemeroff, C.B. (2015). The Role of the Hypothalamic\u2013Pituitary\u2013Adrenal Axis in Anxiety Disorders. Anxiety Disorders, Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780199395125.003.0028"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernandes, B.S., Salagre, E., Enduru, N., Grande, I., Vieta, E., and Zhao, Z. (2022). Insulin Resistance in Depression: A Large Meta-Analysis of Metabolic Parameters and Variation. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev., 139.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104758"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.104425","article-title":"Social anxiety symptoms moderate the link between obesity and metabolic function","volume":"110","author":"Jaremka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E313","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.210036","article-title":"Can Treatment of Obesity Reduce Depression or Vice Versa?","volume":"46","author":"Borgland","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Psychiatry Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.08.085","article-title":"General Anxiety Disorder-7 Questionnaire as a Marker of Low Socioeconomic Status and Inequity","volume":"317","author":"Nunes","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2018.08.020","article-title":"Generalized Anxiety Disorder among Emergency Department Patients","volume":"37","author":"Marco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tomitaka, S., Kawasaki, Y., Ide, K., Akutagawa, M., Ono, Y., and Furukawa, T.A. (2018). Stability of the Distribution of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Scores against Age in the General Population: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Front. Psychiatry, 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00390"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.04.140","article-title":"Psychometric Properties and Measurement Invariance of the 7-Item General Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) in an Italian Coronary Heart Disease Population","volume":"334","author":"Bolgeo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teymoori, A., Gorbunova, A., Haghish, F., Real, R., Zeldovich, M., Wu, Y.-J., Polinder, S., Asendorf, T., Menon, D., and Steinb\u00fcchel, N.v. (2020). Factorial Structure and Validity of Depression (PHQ-9) and Anxiety (GAD-7) Scales after Traumatic Brain Injury. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9030873"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.101882","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy of obesity: An update on the available medications and drugs under investigation","volume":"58","author":"Chakhtoura","year":"2023","journal-title":"EclinicalMedicine"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e133429","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.133429","article-title":"Semaglutide lowers body weight in rodents via distributed neural pathways","volume":"5","author":"Gabery","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12963","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric Safety with Liraglutide 3.0 Mg for Weight Management: Results from Randomized Controlled Phase 2 and 3a Trials","volume":"19","author":"Aroda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2018.1505848","article-title":"The Effects of Treatment with Liraglutide on Quality of Life and Depression in Young Obese Women with PCOS and Controls","volume":"35","author":"Kahal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gynecol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-023-01694-7","article-title":"Psychiatric Adverse Events Associated with Semaglutide, Liraglutide and Tirzepatide: A Pharmacovigilance Analysis of Individual Case Safety Reports Submitted to the EudraVigilance Database","volume":"46","author":"Tobaiqy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, J.-R., Cao, J., Wei, J., and Geng, W. (2023). Case Report: Semaglutide-Associated Depression: A Report of Two Cases. Front. Psychiatry, 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1238353"},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"(2024, February 28). Update on FDA\u2019s Ongoing Evaluation of Reports of Suicidal Thoughts or Actions in Patients Taking a Certain Type of Medicines Approved for Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity, Available online: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/drug-safety-and-availability\/update-fdas-ongoing-evaluation-reports-suicidal-thoughts-or-actions-patients-taking-certain-type."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02672-2","article-title":"Association of Semaglutide with Risk of Suicidal Ideation in a Real-World Cohort","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.5152\/eurasianjmed.2018.170320","article-title":"Effect of nausea and vomiting on anxiety and depression levels in early pregnancy","volume":"50","author":"Beyazit","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eurasian J. Med."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3458","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3458","article-title":"Improvement in Mood Symptoms after Post-bariatric Surgery among People with Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Loh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes. Metab. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20738","article-title":"Course of Depressive Symptoms and Treatment in the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (LABS-2) Study","volume":"22","author":"Mitchell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23757","article-title":"Incidence of adverse mental health outcomes after sleeve gastrectomy compared with gastric bypass and restrictive bariatric procedures: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"31","author":"Sumithran","year":"2023","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"e25651","article-title":"Prevalence and Outcomes of Depression after Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"14","author":"Alyahya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2018.1511917","article-title":"Increased Risk for Major Depressive Disorder in Severely Obese Patients after Bariatric Surgery\u2014A 12-Year Nationwide Cohort Study","volume":"50","author":"Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Law, S., Dong, S., Zhou, F., Zheng, D., Wang, C., and Dong, Z. (2023). Bariatric Surgery and Mental Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review. Front. Endocrinol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1283621"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2019.100405","article-title":"Biases in Self-Reported Height and Weight Measurements and Their Effects on Modeling Health Outcomes","volume":"7","author":"Ng","year":"2019","journal-title":"SSM Popul. Health"}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/16\/15\/2438\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:24:26Z","timestamp":1760109866000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/16\/15\/2438"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["nu16152438"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu16152438","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]]}}}