{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T16:06:23Z","timestamp":1789833983084,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency","award":["2011E3300300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2011E3300300"]}]},{"name":"Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency","award":["2012E3301100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012E3301100"]}]},{"name":"Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency","award":["2013E3301600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013E3301600"]}]},{"name":"Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency","award":["2013E3301601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013E3301601"]}]},{"name":"Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency","award":["2013E3301602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013E3301602"]}]},{"name":"Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency","award":["2016E3300200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016E3300200"]}]},{"name":"Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency","award":["2016E3300201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016E3300201"]}]},{"name":"Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency","award":["2016E3300202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016E3300202"]}]},{"name":"Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency","award":["2019E320100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019E320100"]}]},{"name":"Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency","award":["2019E320101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019E320101"]}]},{"name":"Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency","award":["2019E320102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019E320102"]}]},{"name":"Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency","award":["2022-11-007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-11-007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Handgrip strength (HGS) is suggested as an indirect assessment of nutritional status in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, but evidence is limited for non-dialysis-dependent CKD (NDD-CKD) patients. This cross-sectional study included 404 patients from the Phase II KoreaN Cohort Study for Outcome in Patients With CKD. HGS, measured twice in each hand, was the exposure, and malnutrition status was defined by a malnutrition\u2013inflammation score (MIS) of 6 or higher. A logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, CKD stages, smoking, overhydration, education, and income status was used to assess malnutrition risk. The predictability of HGS for malnutrition was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC). Patients with lower HGS were older, had a higher prevalence of DM, and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate. Higher HGS was significantly associated with lower malnutrition risk after adjustment (per 1 standard deviation increase, adjusted odds ratio, 0.47 [0.30\u20130.75]). Subgroup analyses showed no significant interaction between HGS and malnutrition risk across age, sex, DM, and CKD stage. HGS showed fair predictability for malnutrition in men (AUC 0.64 [0.46\u20130.83]) and women (AUC 0.71 [0.55\u20130.86]). In conclusion, HGS is a useful diagnostic indicator of malnutrition in NDD-CKD patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16152442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T14:39:08Z","timestamp":1722004748000},"page":"2442","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Association of Handgrip Strength and Nutritional Status in Non-Dialysis-Dependent Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: Results from the KNOW-CKD Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7209-198X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minsang","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4422-8226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeong-Won","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5970-019X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dha Woon","family":"Im","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Uijeongbu 11759, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7340-1049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yujin","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyo Jin","family":"Noh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul Women\u2019s University, Seoul 01797, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7892-7648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soo Jin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul Women\u2019s University, Seoul 01797, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2191-2784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eunjeong","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Transplantation Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyunjin","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayoun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ja-Ryong","family":"Koo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong 18450, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ki Ryang","family":"Na","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Young","family":"Seong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine & Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kook-Hwan","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iorember, F.M. (2018). Malnutrition in Chronic Kidney Disease. Front. Pediatr., 6.","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2018.00161"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zha, Y., and Qian, Q. (2017). Protein Nutrition and Malnutrition in CKD and ESRD. Nutrients, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9030208"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002","article-title":"Is it Important to Prevent and Treat Protein-Energy Wasting in Chronic Kidney Disease and Chronic Dialysis Patients?","volume":"28","author":"Lodebo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Ren. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kang, S.S., Chang, J.W., and Park, Y. (2017). Nutritional Status Predicts 10-Year Mortality in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease on Hemodialysis. Nutrients, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9040399"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph8051631","article-title":"Protein-energy wasting and mortality in chronic kidney disease","volume":"8","author":"Bonanni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s41043-024-00500-y","article-title":"Hand grip strength as a proposed new vital sign of health: A narrative review of evidences","volume":"43","author":"Vaishya","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Health Popul. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2015.05.025","article-title":"Grip Strength as a Marker of Hypertension and Diabetes in Healthy Weight Adults","volume":"49","author":"Mainous","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12596","article-title":"Handgrip strength is associated with insulin resistance and glucose metabolism in adolescents: Evidence from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2014","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glx031","article-title":"Low Normalized Grip Strength is a Biomarker for Cardiometabolic Disease and Physical Disabilities among U.S. and Chinese Adults","volume":"72","author":"Peterson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-019-4826-0","article-title":"Lean mass, grip strength and risk of type 2 diabetes: A bi-directional Mendelian randomisation study","volume":"62","author":"Yeung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcm095","article-title":"Grip strength and the metabolic syndrome: Findings from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study","volume":"100","author":"Sayer","year":"2007","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487316680695","article-title":"Association of grip strength with cardiovascular risk markers","volume":"24","author":"Gubelmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shim, J., and Yoo, H.J. (2020). Effects of Handgrip Strength on 10-Year Cardiovascular Risk among the Korean Middle-Aged Population: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014. Healthcare, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare8040458"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, G., Lu, Y., Shao, L., Wu, L., Qiao, Y., Ding, Y., and Ke, C. (2023). Handgrip strength is associated with risks of new-onset stroke and heart disease: Results from 3 prospective cohorts. BMC Geriatr., 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-023-03953-8"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Izawa, K.P., Oyama, M., and Okamoto, K. (2021). Changes in Physical and Psychological States with Respect to the Gender of Outpatients Receiving Rehabilitation at Geriatric Health Services Facilities during the COVID-19 State of Emergency. Diseases, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases9030051"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Izawa, K.P., Kasahara, Y., Hiraki, K., Hirano, Y., Oka, K., and Watanabe, S. (2019). Longitudinal Changes of Handgrip, Knee Extensor Muscle Strength, and the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Score in Cardiac Patients During Phase II Cardiac Rehabilitation. Diseases, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases7010032"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2857","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-023-03603-3","article-title":"Handgrip strength and all-cause mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"55","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Urol. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barril, G., Nogueira, A., Alvarez-Garcia, G., Nunez, A., Sanchez-Gonzalez, C., and Ruperto, M. (2022). Nutritional Predictors of Mortality after 10 Years of Follow-Up in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease at a Multidisciplinary Unit of Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14183848"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3588","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfr013","article-title":"Handgrip strength is an independent predictor of renal outcomes in patients with chronic kidney diseases","volume":"26","author":"Chang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2020.05.006","article-title":"KDOQI Clinical Practice Guideline for Nutrition in CKD: 2020 Update","volume":"76","author":"Ikizler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2010.07.004","article-title":"Handgrip strength as a simple indicator of possible malnutrition and inflammation in men and women on maintenance hemodialysis","volume":"21","author":"Silva","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Ren. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.10261013","article-title":"Comparative associations of muscle mass and muscle strength with mortality in dialysis patients","volume":"9","author":"Isoyama","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"30","article-title":"Association of Handgrip Strength with Malnutrition-Inflammation Score as an Assessment of Nutritional Status in Hemodialysis Patients","volume":"10","author":"Hasheminejad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Iran. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oh, K.H., Park, S.K., Park, H.C., Chin, H.J., Chae, D.W., Choi, K.H., Han, S.H., Yoo, T.H., Lee, K., and Kim, Y.S. (2014). KNOW-CKD (KoreaN cohort study for Outcome in patients With Chronic Kidney Disease): Design and methods. BMC Nephrol., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-15-80"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.23876\/j.krcp.20.042","article-title":"The KNOW-CKD Study: What we have learned about chronic kidney diseases","volume":"39","author":"Oh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kidney Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.3961\/jpmph.22.031","article-title":"The KoreaN Cohort Study for Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (KNOW-CKD): A Korean Chronic Kidney Disease Cohort","volume":"55","author":"Oh","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Prev. Med. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2001.29222","article-title":"A malnutrition-inflammation score is correlated with morbidity and mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients","volume":"38","author":"Kopple","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2012.08.004","article-title":"Malnutrition-inflammation score is associated with handgrip strength in nondialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease patients","volume":"23","author":"Amparo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Ren. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfu380","article-title":"Diagnostic validation and prognostic significance of the Malnutrition-Inflammation Score in nondialyzed chronic kidney disease patients","volume":"30","author":"Amparo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.01.001","article-title":"Inflammation and nutritional status assessment by malnutrition inflammation score and its outcome in pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients","volume":"38","author":"Jagadeswaran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2021.11.002","article-title":"Prognostic Value of the Malnutrition-inflammation Score in Hospitalization and Mortality on Long-term Hemodialysis","volume":"32","author":"Adragao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Ren. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/87.1.106","article-title":"Simplified nutritional screening tools for patients on maintenance hemodialysis","volume":"87","author":"Yamada","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"26","article-title":"Dialysis Malnutrition and Malnutrition Inflammation Scores: Screening tools for prediction of dialysis-related protein-energy wasting in Malaysia","volume":"25","author":"Harvinder","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1159\/000137684","article-title":"Clinical utility of malnutrition-inflammation score in maintenance hemodialysis patients: Focus on identifying the best cut-off point","volume":"28","author":"Ho","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2011.04.003","article-title":"The malnutrition-inflammation score: A valid nutritional tool to assess mortality risk in kidney transplant patients","volume":"58","author":"Lopes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006","article-title":"A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate","volume":"150","author":"Levey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1111\/jorc.12474","article-title":"Bioimpedance analysis in patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"49","author":"Eyre","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Ren. Care"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/69.5.833","article-title":"Hydration of fat-free body mass: Review and critique of a classic body-composition constant","volume":"69","author":"Wang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"1","article-title":"mice: Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations in R","volume":"45","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hassanzad, M., and Hajian-Tilaki, K. (2024). Methods of determining optimal cut-point of diagnostic biomarkers with application of clinical data in ROC analysis: An update review. BMC Med. Res. Methodol., 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-024-02198-2"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-020-01689-8","article-title":"Are we maximizing the utility of handgrip strength assessments for evaluating muscle function?","volume":"33","author":"McGrath","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"454","article-title":"Strength testing with a portable dynamometer: Reliability for upper and lower extremities","volume":"68","author":"Agre","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.2001.93.2.323","article-title":"Dynamometer measurements of hand-grip strength predict multiple outcomes","volume":"93","author":"Bohannon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Percept. Mot. Skills"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/36.4.602","article-title":"Skeletal muscle function in malnutrition","volume":"36","author":"Lopes","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2004.08.007","article-title":"The Subjective Global Assessment reliably identifies malnutrition-related muscle dysfunction","volume":"24","author":"Norman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/38.2.229","article-title":"A comparison between muscle function and body composition in anorexia nervosa: The effect of refeeding","volume":"38","author":"Russell","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2008.04.004","article-title":"Reference values of handgrip dynamometry of healthy adults: A population-based study","volume":"27","author":"Schlussel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfq487","article-title":"Use of handgrip strength in the assessment of the muscle function of chronic kidney disease patients on dialysis: A systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Leal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/5584_2019_444","article-title":"Body Composition and Biochemical Markers of Nutrition in Non-dialysis-Dependent Chronic Kidney Disease Patients","volume":"1251","author":"Rymarz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002585","article-title":"A proposed nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for protein-energy wasting in acute and chronic kidney disease","volume":"73","author":"Fouque","year":"2008","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.03.020","article-title":"Handgrip strength is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in maintenance dialysis patients","volume":"35","author":"Vogt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.21037\/apm.2019.10.12","article-title":"Association of the malnutrition-inflammation score with anthropometry and body composition measurements in patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Palliat. Med."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1590\/2175-8239-jbn-2019-0177","article-title":"Handgrip strength as an instrument for assessing the risk of malnutrition and inflammation in hemodialysis patients","volume":"42","author":"Sostisso","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Bras. Nefrol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.12.012","article-title":"Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia: 2019 Consensus Update on Sarcopenia Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy169","article-title":"Sarcopenia: Revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis","volume":"48","author":"Bahat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2014.226","article-title":"Handgrip strength cutoff values for undernutrition screening at hospital admission","volume":"68","author":"Guerra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.06.011","article-title":"Hand grip strength as predictor of undernutrition in hospitalized patients with cancer and a proposal of cut-off","volume":"39","author":"Mendes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr. ESPEN"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5726073","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/5726073","article-title":"Handgrip Strength Cut-Off Values for the Undernutrition Risk Screening among Elderly Men and Women in Bosnia and Herzegovina","volume":"2019","author":"Racic","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Aging Res."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"802","article-title":"Handgrip Strength as a Predictor of Nutritional Status in Chinese Elderly Inpatients at Hospital Admission","volume":"30","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2021.06.005","article-title":"A Systematic Review of Handgrip Strength Measurement in Clinical and Epidemiological Studies of Kidney Disease: Toward a Standardized Approach","volume":"32","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Ren. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2005.03.028","article-title":"Hand grip strength in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"70","author":"Cetinus","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2017.12.006","article-title":"Hand dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"61","author":"Gundmi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Phys. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4196\/kjpp.2014.18.1.1","article-title":"Advanced glycation end products and diabetic complications","volume":"18","author":"Singh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Korean J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1080\/17446651.2021.1967743","article-title":"What can hand grip strength tell us about type 2 diabetes?: Mortality, morbidities and risk of diabetes","volume":"16","author":"Hamasaki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert. Rev. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7041","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-07438-8","article-title":"Association of handgrip strength with hospitalization, cardiovascular events, and mortality in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"7","author":"Hamasaki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1536\/ihj.20-677","article-title":"Handgrip Strength Is an Independent Predictor of Cardiovascular Outcomes in Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"62","author":"Morikawa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Heart J."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/16\/15\/2442\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:24:39Z","timestamp":1760109879000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/16\/15\/2442"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["nu16152442"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu16152442","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]]}}}