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Malnutrition, characterized by deficiencies in essential nutrients such as vitamins A, C, D, E, and zinc, can impair the immune system, thereby increasing vulnerability to viral infections and potentially leading to more severe health outcomes that complicate recovery. Additionally, emerging evidence highlights the role of commensal microbiota in immune regulation, which can affect hosts\u2019 susceptibility to infections. Specific dietary components, including bioactive compounds, vitamins, and probiotics, can beneficially modify gut microbiota, thus enhancing immune response and offering protection against viral infections. This review aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which dietary adjustments and gut microbiota impact the pathogenesis of viral infections, with a particular focus on strengthening the immune system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16152445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T07:54:03Z","timestamp":1722239643000},"page":"2445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Prevention of Viral Infections: The Role of Intestinal Microbiota and Nutritional Factors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8630-7836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annamaria","family":"Altomare","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Gastroenterology, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5849-7326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Giovanetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Instituto Rene Rachou, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil"},{"name":"Climate Amplified Diseases and Epidemics (CLIMADE), Bairro Floresta 31110-370, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Baldaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Gastroenterology, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3866-9239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Ciccozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5370-2642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Cicala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Gastroenterology, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Fondazione Policlinico Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3325-9425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele Pier Luca","family":"Guarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Gastroenterology, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Fondazione Policlinico Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3444","article-title":"Gut microbiota metabolism of dietary fiber influences allergic airway disease and hematopoiesis","volume":"20","author":"Trompette","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. 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