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Methods: A case-control study was conducted among Spanish participants over 18 years of age. A self-administered questionnaire was completed by subjects to collect information on several sociodemographic variables and habits, such as the consumption of tobacco, alcohol, antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents and macronutrients; anxiety and depression; and quality of life. Results: The main risk factors identified were age; living in an urban environment; anxiety; and excessive consumption of proteins, carbohydrates and fats. In addition, the consumption of fibre had a preventive effect against IBD development. Conclusions: Age, anxiety and living in urban areas pose a risk of suffering from IBD, as does the excessive consumption of certain macronutrients. However, the consumption of fibre has a protective effect on the development of some IBD types.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16152463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T12:27:43Z","timestamp":1722256063000},"page":"2463","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The Role of Environmental and Nutritional Factors in the Development of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Case\u2013Control Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5982-259X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor","family":"Serrano-Fernandez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Fisioterapia y Enfermeria, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III s\/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain"},{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n Multidisciplinar en Cuidados (IMCU), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III s\/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3661-3584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose","family":"Laredo-Aguilera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Fisioterapia y Enfermeria, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III s\/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain"},{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n Multidisciplinar en Cuidados (IMCU), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III s\/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7137-8006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Navarrete-Tejero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Fisioterapia y Enfermeria, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. 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