{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T18:17:00Z","timestamp":1774549020526,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The most frequent body composition alterations in post-COVID-19 syndrome include low muscle mass, dynapenia, sarcopenia, and obesity. These conditions share interconnected pathophysiological mechanisms that exacerbate each other. The relationship between body composition phenotypes and metabolic abnormalities in post-COVID-19 syndrome remains unclear. Objective: To evaluate the association between body composition phenotypes and insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic abnormalities in non-diabetic individuals with post-COVID-19 syndrome. Methods: A cross-sectional, single-center study involving 483 subjects with post-COVID-19 syndrome following moderate to severe acute COVID-19 requiring hospitalization. Individuals with diabetes, those who declined to participate, or those who could not be contacted were excluded. Body composition phenotypes were classified as normal weight, dynapenia, sarcopenia, dynapenic obesity, and sarcopenic obesity (SO). Results: The average age was 52.69 \u00b1 14.75 years; of note, 67.08% were male. The prevalence of body composition phenotypes was as follows: 13.25% were of normal weight, 9.52% had dynapenia, 9.94% had sarcopenia, 43.69% had obesity, 18.84% had dynapenic obesity, and 4.76% had SO. Additionally, 58.18% had IR. Obesity (OR: 2.98, CI95%; 1.64\u20135.41) and dynapenic obesity (OR: 4.98, CI95%; 1.46\u20136.88) were associated with IR. Conclusion: The most common body composition phenotypes were obesity, dynapenic obesity, and dynapenia. Furthermore, obesity and dynapenic obesity were associated with IR in post-COVID-19 syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16152468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T08:51:42Z","timestamp":1722329502000},"page":"2468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Association between Body Composition Phenotype and Insulin Resistance in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome Patients without Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional, Single-Center Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3378-1769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dulce","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Islas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Failure and Respiratory Distress Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias \u201cIsmael Cos\u00edo Villegas\u201d, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Flores-Cisneros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiological Information Analysis, General Directorate of Epidemiology, Mexico City 01480, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2305-141X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arturo","family":"Orea-Tejeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Failure and Respiratory Distress Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias \u201cIsmael Cos\u00edo Villegas\u201d, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5208-1525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Candace","family":"Keirns-Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Failure and Respiratory Distress Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias \u201cIsmael Cos\u00edo Villegas\u201d, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Licenciatura en Nutriolog\u00eda, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura Patricia","family":"Arcos-Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Failure and Respiratory Distress Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias \u201cIsmael Cos\u00edo Villegas\u201d, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Zurita-Sandoval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Failure and Respiratory Distress Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias \u201cIsmael Cos\u00edo Villegas\u201d, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frida","family":"Albarran-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Failure and Respiratory Distress Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias \u201cIsmael Cos\u00edo Villegas\u201d, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Garc\u00eda-Casta\u00f1eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Department, Hospital General \u201cDr. Manuel Gea Gonz\u00e1lez\u201d, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Salgado-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Licenciatura en Nutriolog\u00eda, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Failure and Respiratory Distress Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias \u201cIsmael Cos\u00edo Villegas\u201d, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelia","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Valent\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Failure and Respiratory Distress Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias \u201cIsmael Cos\u00edo Villegas\u201d, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilse","family":"P\u00e9rez-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Failure and Respiratory Distress Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias \u201cIsmael Cos\u00edo Villegas\u201d, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2020). 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