{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T23:11:45Z","timestamp":1788304305271,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Paraiba State Research Foundation","award":["41903.612.28794.22092020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41903.612.28794.22092020"]}]},{"name":"Paraiba State Research Foundation","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel","award":["41903.612.28794.22092020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41903.612.28794.22092020"]}]},{"name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: This study evaluated anthropometric, biochemical, and inflammatory biomarkers, as well as dietary intake in Brazilian children diagnosed with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and compared them with their counterparts without SIBO. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with 106 children aged 7 to 10 years. A glucose-hydrogen breath test was performed to diagnose small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). Anthropometric and dietary characteristics were assessed. Blood samples were collected and serum biochemical parameters and cytokines were measured. Results: The occurrence of SIBO was 13.2%. Age, BMI, BMI\/age WC, BFP, sex and biochemical markers were similar between SIBO-positive and SIBO-negative children (p &gt; 0.05). High consumption of ultra-processed foods tended to be higher in SIBO-positive compared to SIBO-negative children (47.8 \u00b1 8.2 vs. 42.6 \u00b1 9.5, p = 0.06). Serum levels of IL-17 were higher in SIBO-positive than in SIBO-negative children [69.5 (5.4\u2013125.7) vs. 53.4 (2.3\u2013157.7), p = 0.03], while serum levels of IL-10 were lower in SIBO-positive than in SIBO-negative children [2.3 (0.6\u20137.2) vs. 5.7 (0.5\u201330.8), p = 0.04]. Finally, in a logistic regression adjusted for sex, BMI and age, consumption of ultra-processed foods (p = 0.03) and IL-6 levels (p = 0.003) were found to contribute to the occurrence of SIBO. Conclusion: this study identified for the first time an occurrence of 13% of SIBO in children living in the northeastern region of Brazil and showed that consumption of ultra-processed foods and serum levels of IL-6 may influence the occurrence of the SIBO in the pediatrics population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16152477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T08:02:27Z","timestamp":1722412947000},"page":"2477","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Assessment of Biochemical, Inflammatory Biomarkers and Ultra-Processed Food Consumption in Children with Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3273-2399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo C\u00e9sar Trindade","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1272-8724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davyson Barbosa","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3039-345X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thallyta Alanna Ferreira","family":"Viana das Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3742-4830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R\u00fabia Cartaxo Squizato de","family":"Moraes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lydiane de Lima Tavares","family":"Toscano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8271-3079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ad\u00e9lia da Costa Pereira de","family":"Arruda Neta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0327-538X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vinicius Jos\u00e9","family":"Baccin Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pathology, Federal University of Para\u00edba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4696-3809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luiz","family":"de Brito Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"S48","article-title":"What causes obesity in children and adolescents?","volume":"100","author":"Weffort","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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