{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T22:23:37Z","timestamp":1770330217271,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004442","name":"National Science Centre (Poland)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020\/37\/B\/NZ7\/01794"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/37\/B\/NZ7\/01794"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004442","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Exercise-induced inflammation can influence iron metabolism. Conversely, the effects of vitamin D3, which possesses anti-inflammatory properties, on ultramarathon-induced heart damage and changes in iron metabolism have not been investigated. Thirty-five healthy long-distance semi-amateur runners were divided into two groups: one group received 150,000 IU of vitamin D3 24 h prior to a race (n = 16), while the other group received a placebo (n = 19). Serum iron, hepcidin (HPC), ferritin (FER), erythroferrone (ERFE), erythropoietin (EPO), neopterin (NPT), and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) levels were assessed. A considerable effect of ultramarathon running on all examined biochemical markers was observed, with a significant rise in serum levels of ERFE, EPO, HPC, NPT, and cTnT detected immediately post-race, irrespective of the group factor. Vitamin D3 supplementation showed a notable interaction with the UM, specifically in EPO and cTnT, with no other additional changes in the other analysed markers. In addition to the correlation between baseline FER and post-run ERFE, HPC was modified by vitamin D. The ultramarathon significantly influenced the EPO\/ERFE\/HPC axis; however, a single substantial dose of vitamin D3 had an effect only on EPO, which was associated with the lower heart damage marker cTnT after the run.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16152479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T08:02:27Z","timestamp":1722412947000},"page":"2479","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effect of Single High-Dose Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Post-Ultra Mountain Running Heart Damage and Iron Metabolism Changes: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"B\u0142a\u017cej","family":"Stankiewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Theory and Methodology of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Health Sciences and Physical Education, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6753-5139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Mieszkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gymnastics and Dance, Gda\u0144sk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"},{"name":"Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 16-252 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Kochanowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gymnastics and Dance, Gda\u0144sk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulina","family":"Brzezi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gymnastics and Dance, Gda\u0144sk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bart\u0142omiej","family":"Niespodzi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Foundations of Physical Education, Faculty of Health Sciences and Physical Education, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Kowalik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Theory and Methodology of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Health Sciences and Physical Education, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Waldzi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lomza, 18-400 \u0141om\u017ca, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Konrad","family":"Kowalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, 80-211 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9131-3608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"And\u017celika","family":"Borkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, 80-211 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9944-1687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Reczkowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, 80-211 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2269-1880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludmi\u0142a","family":"Dani\u0142owicz-Szymanowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Electrotherapy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u0119drzej","family":"Antosiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, 80-211 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"533","article-title":"Running a 100-km ultra-marathon induces an inflammatory response but does not raise the level of the plasma iron-regulatory protein hepcidin","volume":"53","author":"Kasprowicz","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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