{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T19:51:38Z","timestamp":1793303498101,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":155,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Thyroid function is closely linked to nutrition through the diet\u2013gut\u2013thyroid axis. This narrative review highlights the influence of nutritional components and micronutrients on thyroid development and function, as well as on the gut microbiota. Micronutrients such as iodine, selenium, iron, zinc, copper, magnesium, vitamin A, and vitamin B12 influence thyroid hormone synthesis and regulation throughout life. Dietary changes can alter the gut microbiota, leading not just to dysbiosis and micronutrient deficiency but also to changes in thyroid function through immunological regulation, nutrient absorption, and epigenetic changes. Nutritional imbalance can lead to thyroid dysfunction and\/or disorders, such as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, and possibly contribute to autoimmune thyroid diseases and thyroid cancer, yet controversial issues. Understanding these relationships is important to rationalize a balanced diet rich in essential micronutrients for maintaining thyroid health and preventing thyroid-related diseases. The synthetic comprehensive overview of current knowledge shows the importance of micronutrients and gut microbiota for thyroid function and uncovers potential gaps that require further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16152496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T10:34:43Z","timestamp":1722422083000},"page":"2496","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["The Role of Nutrition on Thyroid Function"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7849-4560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna-Mariia","family":"Shulhai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Rotondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maddalena","family":"Petraroli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Clinic, University Hospital of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viviana","family":"Patianna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Clinic, University Hospital of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3302-6886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Predieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0370-7872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Iughetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4103-2837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanna","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy"},{"name":"Paediatric Clinic, University Hospital of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8427-8971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Elisabeth","family":"Street","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy"},{"name":"Paediatric Clinic, University Hospital of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Armstrong, M., Asuka, E., and Fingeret, A. 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