{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:15:00Z","timestamp":1780445700720,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"Australian National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["974159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["974159"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"Australian National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["991407"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["991407"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"Australian National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["211069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["211069"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"Australian National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["262120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["262120"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Tinnitus is the phantom perception of sound in the ears or head which may result from inflammation of the auditory pathway. A healthy diet consisting of a range of vitamins and minerals may be protective against tinnitus. This study aims to determine the association between intakes of dietary vitamins and minerals and the prevalence and incidence of tinnitus over 10 years. Methods: In this longitudinal cohort study of 2947 participants (aged \u2265 50 years), 935 (32%) cases of tinnitus were identified and included in prevalence analyses. The remaining 2012 participants were followed to establish 10-year incidence of tinnitus. A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to determine intakes of dietary vitamins and minerals. Results: No significant associations with tinnitus prevalence were found. However, iron and zinc were significantly associated with incident tinnitus. There was a 44% (multivariate-adjusted HR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.07\u20131.93) increased risk of developing incident tinnitus over 10 years with lower zinc intakes and a 35% increased risk with lower iron intakes (multivariate-adjusted HR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.00\u20131.80). Conclusion: Higher intakes of zinc and iron were significantly associated with lower tinnitus risk. Due to a lack of comparable high-quality data, future research studies should include robust study designs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16152535","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T13:14:42Z","timestamp":1722604482000},"page":"2535","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Association between Dietary Intakes of Vitamins and Minerals with Tinnitus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2007-9054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Macquarie University Hearing, Department of Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8845-2401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giriraj S.","family":"Shekhawat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Education, Psychology, and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia"},{"name":"Tinnitus Research Initiative, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2401-1349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Burlutsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Macquarie University Hearing, Department of Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bamini","family":"Gopinath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Macquarie University Hearing, Department of Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.2189","article-title":"Global Prevalence and Incidence of Tinnitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"79","author":"Jarach","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2021.17.1.1","article-title":"Tinnitus Update","volume":"17","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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