{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T20:44:37Z","timestamp":1783716277619,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]],"date-time":"2024-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Cattlemen\u2019s Beef Association"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We assessed the effects of consuming a U.S.-style healthy dietary pattern (HDP) with lean, unprocessed beef (BEEF) compared to a U.S.-style HDP without meat (vegetarian, VEG) on short-term changes in cardiometabolic disease (CMD) risk factors in adults classified as overweight or obese. Forty-one adults (22 females, 19 males; age 39.9 \u00b1 8.0 y; BMI 29.6 \u00b1 3.3 kg\/m2; mean \u00b1 SD) completed two 5-week controlled feeding periods (randomized, crossover, controlled trial). For the BEEF HDP, two 3-oz (168-g) servings\/d of lean, unprocessed beef were predominately substituted for some starchy vegetables and refined grains in the VEG HDP. Baseline and post-intervention measurements were fasting CMD risk factors, with serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), and total apolipoprotein B as primary outcomes. VEG reduced LDL, insulin, and glucose compared to BEEF. Reductions did not differ between VEG vs. BEEF for TC, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), apolipoprotein A1, small, dense LDL IV, buoyant HDL2b, TC-to-HDL ratio, and systolic blood pressure. Total apolipoprotein B and all other CMD risk factors measured were not influenced by HDP type nor changed over time. Adopting a U.S.-style HDP that is either vegetarian or omnivorous with beef improved multiple cardiometabolic disease risk factors among adults classified as overweight or obese.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16152542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T07:37:30Z","timestamp":1722843450000},"page":"2542","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Healthy Dietary Patterns with and without Meat Improved Cardiometabolic Disease Risk Factors in Adults: A Randomized Crossover Controlled Feeding Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Erica R","family":"Hill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8146-0559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric M","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7847-7242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wayne W","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.13771","article-title":"Trends in Dietary Carbohydrate, Protein, and Fat Intake and Diet Quality Among US Adults, 1999\u20132016","volume":"322","author":"Shan","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"m4141","article-title":"Red meat intake and risk of coronary heart disease among US men: Prospective cohort study","volume":"371","author":"Satija","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.6633","article-title":"Changes in red meat consumption and subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Three cohorts of US men and women","volume":"173","author":"Pan","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Intern. 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