{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:50:03Z","timestamp":1792806603326,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]],"date-time":"2024-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland","award":["WNoZ\/330-01\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WNoZ\/330-01\/2024"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Cholelithiasis is one of the more common complications following bariatric surgery. This may be related to the rapid weight loss during this period, although the exact mechanism of gallstone formation after bariatric surgery has not been fully elucidated. Methods: The present literature review focuses on risk factors, prevention options and the impact of the gut microbiota on the development of gallbladder stones after bariatric surgery. Results: A potential risk factor for the development of cholelithiasis after bariatric surgery may be changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota and bile acids. One of the bile acids\u2014ursodeoxycholic acid\u2014is considered to reduce the concentration of mucin proteins and thus contribute to reducing the formation of cholesterol crystals in patients with cholelithiasis. Additionally, it reduces the risk of both asymptomatic and symptomatic gallstones after bariatric surgery. Patients who developed gallstones after bariatric surgery had a higher abundance of Ruminococcus gnavus and those who did not develop cholelithiasis had a higher abundance of Lactobacillaceae and Enterobacteriaceae. Conclusion: The exact mechanism of gallstone formation after bariatric surgery has not yet been clarified. Research suggests that the intestinal microbiota and bile acids may have an important role in this.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16152551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T11:28:54Z","timestamp":1722857334000},"page":"2551","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Cholelithiasis, Gut Microbiota and Bile Acids after Bariatric Surgery\u2014Can Cholelithiasis Be Prevented by Modulating the Microbiota? A Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4318-1513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Komorniak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Pawlus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Mini-Invasive and Gastroenterological Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Gawe\u0142","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viktoria","family":"Hawry\u0142kowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4009-1977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Stachowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1381\/096089203322190862","article-title":"Impact of Rapid Weight Reduction on Risk of Cholelithiasis after Bariatric Surgery","volume":"13","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obes. 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