{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T07:56:54Z","timestamp":1774943814641,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII) of the Ministry of Science and Innovation","award":["RD21\/0016\/0010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD21\/0016\/0010"]}]},{"name":"Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII) of the Ministry of Science and Innovation","award":["INT22\/00007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INT22\/00007"]}]},{"name":"Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII) of the Ministry of Science and Innovation","award":["PI21\/00454"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI21\/00454"]}]},{"name":"Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII) of the Ministry of Science and Innovation","award":["GRS 1193\/B\/15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRS 1193\/B\/15"]}]},{"name":"Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII) of the Ministry of Science and Innovation","award":["INT\/M\/02\/17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INT\/M\/02\/17"]}]},{"name":"Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII) of the Ministry of Science and Innovation","award":["INT\/M\/04\/15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INT\/M\/04\/15"]}]},{"name":"Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII) of the Ministry of Science and Innovation","award":["IBI21\/00001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IBI21\/00001"]}]},{"name":"Next Generation EU, Recovery and Resilience Mechanism (RRM)","award":["RD21\/0016\/0010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD21\/0016\/0010"]}]},{"name":"Next Generation EU, Recovery and Resilience Mechanism (RRM)","award":["INT22\/00007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INT22\/00007"]}]},{"name":"Next Generation EU, Recovery and Resilience Mechanism (RRM)","award":["PI21\/00454"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI21\/00454"]}]},{"name":"Next Generation EU, Recovery and Resilience Mechanism (RRM)","award":["GRS 1193\/B\/15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRS 1193\/B\/15"]}]},{"name":"Next Generation EU, Recovery and Resilience Mechanism (RRM)","award":["INT\/M\/02\/17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INT\/M\/02\/17"]}]},{"name":"Next Generation EU, Recovery and Resilience Mechanism (RRM)","award":["INT\/M\/04\/15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INT\/M\/04\/15"]}]},{"name":"Next Generation EU, Recovery and Resilience Mechanism (RRM)","award":["IBI21\/00001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IBI21\/00001"]}]},{"name":"Regional Health Agency of the Castilla y Le\u00f3n government","award":["RD21\/0016\/0010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD21\/0016\/0010"]}]},{"name":"Regional Health Agency of the Castilla y Le\u00f3n government","award":["INT22\/00007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INT22\/00007"]}]},{"name":"Regional Health Agency of the Castilla y Le\u00f3n government","award":["PI21\/00454"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI21\/00454"]}]},{"name":"Regional Health Agency of the Castilla y Le\u00f3n government","award":["GRS 1193\/B\/15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRS 1193\/B\/15"]}]},{"name":"Regional Health Agency of the Castilla y Le\u00f3n government","award":["INT\/M\/02\/17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INT\/M\/02\/17"]}]},{"name":"Regional Health Agency of the Castilla y Le\u00f3n government","award":["INT\/M\/04\/15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INT\/M\/04\/15"]}]},{"name":"Regional Health Agency of the Castilla y Le\u00f3n government","award":["IBI21\/00001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IBI21\/00001"]}]},{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL)","award":["RD21\/0016\/0010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD21\/0016\/0010"]}]},{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL)","award":["INT22\/00007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INT22\/00007"]}]},{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL)","award":["PI21\/00454"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI21\/00454"]}]},{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL)","award":["GRS 1193\/B\/15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRS 1193\/B\/15"]}]},{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL)","award":["INT\/M\/02\/17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INT\/M\/02\/17"]}]},{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL)","award":["INT\/M\/04\/15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INT\/M\/04\/15"]}]},{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL)","award":["IBI21\/00001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IBI21\/00001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between healthy vascular aging (HVA) and the Mediterranean diet alongside other lifestyles in a Spanish population aged 35 to 75 years without previous cardiovascular diseases. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 501 individuals aged 35 to 75 years were recruited from five health centers by random sampling stratified by age and sex (55.90 \u00b1 14.24 years, 49.70% men). HVA was determined in two steps. Step 1: Subjects with vascular damage to the carotid arteries or peripheral arterial disease were classified as non-HVA. Step 2: The study population was classified by age and sex using the percentiles of the vascular aging index (VAI), with VAI \u2264p25 considered HVA and &gt;p25 considered non-HVA. The VAI was estimated using the following formula (VAI = (log (1.09) \u00d7 10 cIMT + log (1.14) cfPWV) \u00d7 39.1 + 4.76. Carotid\u2013femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) was measured with the SphygmoCor\u00ae device, and carotid intima\u2013media thickness using Sonosite Micromax\u00ae ultrasound. Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence, alcohol and tobacco use were recorded through validated questionnaires. Physical activity was assessed with the ActiGraph-GT3X\u00ae accelerometer. Results: The mean VAI value was 61.23 \u00b1 12.86 (men\u201463.47 \u00b1 13.75 and women\u201459.04 \u00b1 11.54; p &lt; 0.001). HVA was found in 18.9% (men\u201419.9% and women\u201417.8%). In the multiple regression analysis after adjusting for possible confounding factors, the mean VAI value showed a positive association with alcohol use (\u03b2 = 0.020) and sedentary hours per week (\u03b2 = 0.109) and a negative association with hours of activity per week (\u03b2 = \u22120.102) and with the number of healthy lifestyles (\u03b2 = \u22120.640). In the logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for possible confounding factors and compared to those classified as non-HVA, subjects classified as HVA were more likely to show MD adherence (OR = 0.571), do more than 26 h per week of physical activity (OR = 1.735), spend under 142 h per week being sedentary (OR = 1.696), and have more than two healthy lifestyles (OR = 1.877). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the more time spent doing physical activity and the less time spent in a sedentary state, the lower the vascular aging index and the greater the likelihood of being classified in the group of subjects with HVA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16152565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T11:28:54Z","timestamp":1722857334000},"page":"2565","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Relationship between Healthy Vascular Aging with the Mediterranean Diet and Other Lifestyles in the Spanish Population: The EVA Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Leticia","family":"G\u00f3mez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Service, University Hospital of La Paz P. of Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Health Centre of San Juan, Av. Portugal 83, 37005 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5964-8950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Falcon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Health Centre of San Juan, Av. Portugal 83, 37005 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5606-261X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roc\u00edo","family":"Llamas-Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Health Centre of San Juan, Av. Portugal 83, 37005 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9446-0259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Cort\u00e9s","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Statistics, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3667-7155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emiliano","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Health Centre of San Juan, Av. Portugal 83, 37005 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Primary Healthcare Management, Castilla y Le\u00f3n Regional Health Authority (SACyL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), 37005 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Garc\u00eda-Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Health Centre of San Juan, Av. Portugal 83, 37005 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Primary Healthcare Management, Castilla y Le\u00f3n Regional Health Authority (SACyL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), 37005 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0311-898X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00e9s","family":"Llamas-Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Health Centre of San Juan, Av. Portugal 83, 37005 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"G\u00f3mez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Health Centre of San Juan, Av. Portugal 83, 37005 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Home Hospitalization Service, Marqu\u00e9s of Valdecilla University Hospital, 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0133-6123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel A.","family":"G\u00f3mez-Marcos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Health Centre of San Juan, Av. Portugal 83, 37005 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Primary Healthcare Management, Castilla y Le\u00f3n Regional Health Authority (SACyL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), 37005 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.12968\/hmed.2019.0377","article-title":"Global ageing: Successes, challenges and opportunities","volume":"81","author":"Mitchell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Hosp. 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