{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T22:09:29Z","timestamp":1793916569470,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chinese Association for Student Nutrition &amp; Health Promotion\u2013Mead Johnson Nutritionals (China) joint fund","award":["CASNHP-MJN2023-11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CASNHP-MJN2023-11"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: This study evaluates the association between vitamin A levels, AIP (the atherogenic index of plasma), and subclinical hypothyroidism. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted involving a representative sample of 3530 Chinese adults. Linear and logistic regression models were utilized to evaluate the associations between AIP and subclinical hypothyroidism, stratified by vitamin A levels. These analyses were further differentiated by sex and age groups to identify any demographic-specific associations. Results: In the vitamin A-sufficient group, an increase in AIP was associated with elevated total triiodothyronine (TT3) levels (\u03b2 = 0.26, 95%CI: 0.09, 0.41, p = 0.003). Conversely, in the group with severe vitamin A deficiency, higher AIP levels were linked to increased free triiodothyronine (fT3) and TT3 levels and decreased free thyroxine (fT4) levels (\u03b2 = 0.12, 0.03, and \u22120.29, respectively). Additionally, severe vitamin A deficiency increased the risk associated with AIP and subclinical hypothyroidism (OR = 1.66, 95%CI: 1.07, 2.58, p = 0.025). This risk was notably more pronounced in women and older adults, with odds ratios of 2.44 (95%CI: 1.55, 3.86, p &lt; 0.001) and 2.14 (95%CI: 1.36, 3.38, p = 0.001), respectively. Conclusions: Vitamin A deficiency may increase the risk of the association between AIP and subclinical hypothyroidism, particularly among women and the elderly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16162613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T15:04:24Z","timestamp":1723129464000},"page":"2613","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Differences in Vitamin A Levels and Their Association with the Atherogenic Index of Plasma and Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Guangming","family":"Mao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manman","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lichun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0375-509X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhe","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danting","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5568-7063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simeng","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanjia","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7165-3613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhijian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronghua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2940-6525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9163-0566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fang","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8123-4401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.9052","article-title":"Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Review","volume":"322","author":"Biondi","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2556","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1611144","article-title":"Subclinical Hypothyroidism","volume":"376","author":"Peeters","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. 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