{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T17:19:25Z","timestamp":1788542365015,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]],"date-time":"2024-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Iprona Lana SpA","award":["RST00494"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RST00494"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tart cherry (TC) consumption has become a popular nutritional strategy for recovery, particularly for the attenuation of markers associated with muscle damage. However, there are relatively few studies that have examined an acute dosing strategy. The aim of this pilot study was to explore the feasibility of using powdered Vistula TC for recovery following a bout of muscle-damaging exercise. Twenty-two recreationally active participants (mean \u00b1 SD age, stature, and mass were 23 \u00b1 3 years old, 173 \u00b1 10 cm, and 74 \u00b1 17 kg, respectively) performed 40 (5 sets of 8 repetitions) maximal lengthening contractions of the elbow flexors. The participants were randomised to receive either a spray-dried TC extract or a calorie-matched placebo (12 TC, 10 placebo) for 4 days in total, starting on the day of exercise. Dependent measures of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), muscle soreness (assessed via visual analogue scales; VAS), pain pressure threshold (PPT), range of motion (ROM), and upper arm limb girth were taken at baseline (pre), 24, 48, and 72 h post damaging exercise. There were significant changes over time among all the variables (MVC, VAS, PPT, ROM, and girth, p \u2264 0.014). There were no significant differences between the conditions for any of the variables (MVC, VAS, PPT, ROM, and girth, p &gt; 0.3). The TC group did not recover at an accelerated rate compared to the placebo. This study provides initial insights into the use of powdered Vistula TC and its effect following strenuous (damaging) exercise bouts. Vistula TC did not improve recovery when taken acutely following a bout of damaging exercise to the elbow flexors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16162709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]],"date-time":"2024-08-15T03:49:36Z","timestamp":1723693776000},"page":"2709","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Acute Dosing Strategy with Vistula Tart Cherries for Recovery of Strenuous Exercise\u2014A Feasibility Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7194-7744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma","family":"Squires","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6001-7854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian H.","family":"Walshe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Dodd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Broadbelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2100-0029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliver","family":"Hayman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK"},{"name":"School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G11 6EW, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8371-8151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malachy P.","family":"McHugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK"},{"name":"Nicholas Institute of Sports Medicine and Athletic Trauma, New York, NY 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8494-2043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Glyn","family":"Howatson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK"},{"name":"Water Research Group, North West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S114635","article-title":"Insights into the molecular etiology of exercise-induced inflammation: Opportunities for optimizing performance","volume":"9","author":"Fatouros","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1139\/h99-020","article-title":"Etiology of exercise-induced muscle damage","volume":"24","author":"Clarkson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Can. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00971.2016","article-title":"Muscle damage and inflammation during recovery from exercise","volume":"122","author":"Peake","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-018-0227-x","article-title":"Effect of bilberry juice on indices of muscle damage and inflammation in runners completing a half-marathon: A randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"Lynn","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/1550-2783-9-19","article-title":"Effect of New Zealand blueberry consumption on recovery from eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage","volume":"9","author":"McLeay","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Massaro, M., Scoditti, E., Carluccio, M.A., Kaltsatou, A., and Cicchella, A. (2019). Effect of cocoa products and its polyphenolic constituents on exercise performance and exercise-induced muscle damage and inflammation: A review of clinical trials. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11071471"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.05.006","article-title":"Effect of green tea extract supplementation on exercise-induced delayed onset muscle soreness and muscular damage","volume":"194","author":"Machado","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lamb, K.L., Ranchordas, M.K., Johnson, E., Denning, J., Downing, F., and Lynn, A. (2019). No effect of tart cherry juice or pomegranate juice on recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage in non-resistance trained men. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11071593"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.2020-0145","article-title":"Tart Cherry Supplementation and Recovery From Strenuous Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"31","author":"Hill","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Sport. Nutr. Exerc. Metab."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9921","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0518599","article-title":"Sweet and sour cherry phenolics and their protective effects on neuronal cells","volume":"53","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2008.11.042","article-title":"Chemical profile and antioxidant capacities of tart cherry products","volume":"115","author":"Kirakosyan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2010.11.009","article-title":"Microbial and host cells acquire enhanced oxidant-scavenging abilities by binding polyphenols","volume":"506","author":"Ginsburg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.2174\/187221311797264937","article-title":"Dietary flavonoids: Molecular mechanisms of action as anti-inflammatory agents","volume":"5","author":"Marzocchella","year":"2011","journal-title":"Recent Pat. Inflamm. Allergy Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2009.01005.x","article-title":"Influence of tart cherry juice on indices of recovery following marathon running","volume":"20","author":"Howatson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2005.025429","article-title":"Efficacy of a tart cherry juice blend in preventing the symptoms of muscle damage","volume":"40","author":"Connolly","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002827","article-title":"Tart cherry supplement enhances skeletal muscle glutathione peroxidase expression and functional recovery after muscle damage","volume":"54","author":"Wangdi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31820e5adc","article-title":"Montmorency cherry juice reduces muscle damage caused by intensive strength exercise","volume":"43","author":"Bowtell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2014-0244","article-title":"Recovery facilitation with Montmorency cherries following high-intensity, metabolically challenging exercise","volume":"40","author":"Bell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bell, P.G., Stevenson, E., Davison, G.W., and Howatson, G. (2016). The Effects of Montmorency Tart Cherry Concentrate Supplementation on Recovery Following Prolonged, Intermittent Exercise. Nutrients, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8070441"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2019-0101","article-title":"The Efficacy of Tart Cherry Juice in Aiding Recovery After Intermittent Exercise","volume":"15","author":"Quinlan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.3390\/nu6020829","article-title":"Montmorency cherries reduce the oxidative stress and inflammatory responses to repeated days high-intensity stochastic cycling","volume":"6","author":"Bell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-016-0133-z","article-title":"Effects of powdered Montmorency tart cherry supplementation on acute endurance exercise performance in aerobically trained individuals","volume":"13","author":"Levers","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-015-0102-y","article-title":"Effects of powdered Montmorency tart cherry supplementation on an acute bout of intense lower body strength exercise in resistance trained males","volume":"12","author":"Levers","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/1550-2783-7-17","article-title":"Efficacy of tart cherry juice in reducing muscle pain during running: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"7","author":"Kuehl","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-016-0151-x","article-title":"Effect of tart cherry juice on recovery and next day performance in well-trained Water Polo players","volume":"13","author":"McCormick","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2020.1797181","article-title":"Montmorency tart cherry juice does not reduce markers of muscle soreness, function and inflammation following professional male rugby League match-play","volume":"21","author":"Morehen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Sport. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kupusarevic, J., McShane, K., and Clifford, T. (2019). Cherry Gel Supplementation Does Not Attenuate Subjective Muscle Soreness or Alter Wellbeing Following a Match in a Team of Professional Rugby Union players: A Pilot Study. Sports, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/sports7040084"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2019-0221","article-title":"Tart Cherry Juice: No Effect on Muscle Function Loss or Muscle Soreness in Professional Soccer Players After a Match","volume":"15","author":"Abbott","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2014.08.114","article-title":"Tissue bioavailability of anthocyanins from whole tart cherry in healthy rats","volume":"171","author":"Kirakosyan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-015-0988-9","article-title":"Phytochemical uptake following human consumption of Montmorency tart cherry (L. Prunus cerasus) and influence of phenolic acids on vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro","volume":"55","author":"Keane","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2014.09.004","article-title":"Montmorency tart cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) concentrate lowers uric acid, independent of plasma cyanidin-3-O-glucosiderutinoside","volume":"11","author":"Bell","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Squires, E., Walshe, I.H., Cheung, W., Bowerbank, S.L., Dean, J.R., Wood, J., McHugh, M.P., Plattner, S., and Howatson, G. (2024). Plasma-Induced Changes in the Metabolome Following Vistula Tart Cherry Consumption. Nutrients, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16071023"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2021-0451","article-title":"Defining Training and Performance Caliber: A Participant Classification Framework","volume":"17","author":"McKay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199621010-00003","article-title":"The utility of isokinetic dynamometry in the assessment of human muscle function","volume":"21","author":"Gleeson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-964866","article-title":"Repeated bout effect after maximal eccentric exercise","volume":"28","author":"Howatson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"20","article-title":"The effect of cherry supplementation on Exercise induced oxidative stress","volume":"1","author":"Kastello","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200838060-00004","article-title":"The prevention and treatment of exercise-induced muscle damage","volume":"38","author":"Howatson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1991.13.3.138","article-title":"Sources of error in isokinetic dynamometry: Effects of visual feedback on maximum torque","volume":"13","author":"Baltzopoulos","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"53","article-title":"The effects of ibuprofen on delayed muscle soreness and muscular performance after eccentric exercise","volume":"17","author":"Tokmakidis","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-021-00449-x","article-title":"Broad spectrum polyphenol supplementation from tart cherry extract on markers of recovery from intense resistance exercise","volume":"18","author":"Hooper","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quero-Garc\u00eda, J., Iezzoni, A., Pulawska, J., and Lang, G.A. (2017). Cherries: Botany, Production and Uses, CABI.","DOI":"10.1079\/9781780648378.0000"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10408390903001719","article-title":"Cherries and health: A review","volume":"51","author":"McCune","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"42","article-title":"Leucocytes, cytokines and satellite cells: What role do they play in muscle damage and regeneration following eccentric exercise?","volume":"18","author":"Paulsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exerc. Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2014.08.007","article-title":"Anthocyanin pharmacokinetics and dose-dependent plasma antioxidant pharmacodynamics following whole tart cherry intake in healthy humans","volume":"11","author":"Seymour","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.3233\/IES-160645","article-title":"The effects of a tart cherry beverage on reducing exercise-induced muscle soreness","volume":"25","author":"Beals","year":"2017","journal-title":"Isokinet. Exerc. Sci."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-972819","article-title":"Variability in serum creatine kinase response after eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors","volume":"17","author":"Nosaka","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0000000000000385","article-title":"Tart Cherry Juice in Athletes: A Literature Review and Commentary","volume":"16","author":"Vitale","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Sports Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200333030-00002","article-title":"Use of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Following Exercise-Induced Muscle Injury","volume":"33","author":"Lanier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sports Med."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/16\/16\/2709\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:36:51Z","timestamp":1760110611000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/16\/16\/2709"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["nu16162709"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu16162709","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]]}}}