{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T02:49:59Z","timestamp":1790045399136,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]],"date-time":"2024-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Iron is a key nutrient for cognitive function. During periods of high academic demand, brain and cognitive activity increase, potentially affecting iron intake and reserves. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of iron levels on cognitive function in a university sample, considering the influence of gender. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 132 university students (18\u201329 years) from the University of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain). A dietary record was formed through a questionnaire to analyze iron consumption, and blood and anthropometric parameters were measured. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV was used to determine the Intelligence Quotient (IQ), as well as the Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI), Working Memory Index (WMI), Processing Speed Index (PSI), and Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI), to assess cognitive abilities. Among women, the prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) was 21% and 4.2%, respectively. No ID or IDA was found in men. The impact of iron intake on IQ and cognitive abilities was mainly associated with the female population, where a positive association between iron intake, serum ferritin, and total IQ was revealed. In conclusion, low iron intake is related to poorer intellectual ability, suggesting that an iron-rich diet is necessary to maintain the academic level of university students.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16162808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]],"date-time":"2024-08-22T11:14:41Z","timestamp":1724325281000},"page":"2808","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Impact of Iron Intake and Reserves on Cognitive Function in Young University Students"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Carmen","family":"Dimas-Benedicto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NUTRI-SAF Research Group, Departamento de Enfermer\u00eda, Fisioterapia y Terapia Ocupacional, Facultad de Enfermer\u00eda, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9927-5076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"Albasanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GNCR Research Group, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Inorg\u00e1nica, Org\u00e1nica y Bioqu\u00edmica, Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Instituto de Biomedicina de la UCLM, IDISCAM, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6826-0181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura M.","family":"Bermejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VALORNUT Research Group, Departamento de Nutrici\u00f3n y Ciencias de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"San Carlos Health Research Institute (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7703-9638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Castro-V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NUTRI-SAF Research Group, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Anal\u00edtica y Tecnolog\u00eda de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9348-3608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Melgar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GNCR Research Group, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Inorg\u00e1nica, Org\u00e1nica y Bioqu\u00edmica, Facultad de Enfermeria de Ciudad Real, Instituto de Biomedicina de la UCLM, IDISCAM, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6843-3449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mairena","family":"Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GNCR Research Group, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Inorg\u00e1nica, Org\u00e1nica y Bioqu\u00edmica, Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Instituto de Biomedicina de la UCLM, IDISCAM, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain"},{"name":"GNCR Research Group, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Inorg\u00e1nica, Org\u00e1nica y Bioqu\u00edmica, Facultad de Enfermeria de Ciudad Real, Instituto de Biomedicina de la UCLM, IDISCAM, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9446-9154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa M.","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NUTRI-SAF Research Group, Departamento de Enfermer\u00eda, Fisioterapia y Terapia Ocupacional, Facultad de Enfermer\u00eda, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation (2023, September 20). 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