{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T05:13:29Z","timestamp":1782623609280,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brasil (CAPES)","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Geoffroea decorticans, commonly known as Cha\u00f1ar, is a native Chilean plant widely used in folk medicine for its expectorant, pain relief, and antinociceptive properties. This study explored the antioxidant, cytotoxic, and protective effects of its ethanolic (EE) and aqueous (EA) seed extracts against oxidative stress induced by copper sulfate, using both in vitro and in vivo approaches. Phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in the extracts. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) coupled with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry\/Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS\/MS) identified significant components such as phytol, alpha-tocopherol, vitexin, and rutin, with the EE being particularly rich in phytol and vitexin. Antioxidant assays\u2014measuring the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reducing power, DPPH radical scavenging, and copper and iron chelation\u2014confirmed their potent antioxidant capabilities. Both extracts were non-cytotoxic and provided protection against CuSO4-induced oxidative stress in the 3T3 cell line. Additionally, the use of Tenebrio molitor as an invertebrate model underscored the extracts\u2019 antioxidant and protective potentials, especially that of the EE. In conclusion, this study highlights the significant antioxidant and protective properties of Cha\u00f1ar seed extracts, particularly the ethanolic extract, in both in vitro and in vivo models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16172813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T12:38:43Z","timestamp":1724416723000},"page":"2813","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Prospecting of the Antioxidant Activity from Extracts Obtained from Cha\u00f1ar (Geoffroea decorticans) Seeds Evaluated In Vitro and In Vivo Using the Tenebrio molitor Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0257-9882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariana Pereira","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Transforma\u00e7\u00e3o de Plantas e An\u00e1lise em Microscopia (LTPAM), Departamento de Biologia Celular e Gen\u00e9tica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Bioqu\u00edmica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Lucia da Silva","family":"Cordeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Transforma\u00e7\u00e3o de Plantas e An\u00e1lise em Microscopia (LTPAM), Departamento de Biologia Celular e Gen\u00e9tica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Bioqu\u00edmica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5266-9038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ver\u00f4nica Giuliani de Queiroz","family":"Aquino-Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Transforma\u00e7\u00e3o de Plantas e An\u00e1lise em Microscopia (LTPAM), Departamento de Biologia Celular e Gen\u00e9tica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Bioqu\u00edmica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciana Fentanes","family":"de Moura Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Transforma\u00e7\u00e3o de Plantas e An\u00e1lise em Microscopia (LTPAM), Departamento de Biologia Celular e Gen\u00e9tica, Universidade 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Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59077-080, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5016-1046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel Cordeiro","family":"Theodoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Bioqu\u00edmica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59077-080, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8394-1305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Henrique Salvino Gadelha","family":"Meneses","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biotecnologia Vegetal (LBV), Departamento 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