{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T19:07:54Z","timestamp":1790363274948,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]],"date-time":"2024-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"\u201cOpen Science\u201d project at the Wroc\u0142aw University of Economics and Business","award":["R-CLO-DOP.021.1.205.2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R-CLO-DOP.021.1.205.2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disorder marked by the buildup of triacylglycerols (TGs) in the liver. It includes a range of conditions, from simple steatosis to more severe forms like non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can advance to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD\u2019s prevalence is rising globally, estimated between 10% and 50%. The disease is linked to comorbidities such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular diseases and currently lacks effective treatment options. Therefore, researchers are focusing on evaluating the impact of adjunctive herbal therapies in individuals with NAFLD. One herbal therapy showing positive results in animal models and clinical studies is fruits from the Vaccinium spp. genus. This review presents an overview of the association between consuming fruits, juices, and extracts from Vaccinium spp. and NAFLD. The search used the following keywords: ((Vaccinium OR blueberry OR bilberry OR cranberry) AND (\u201cnon-alcoholic fatty liver disease\u201d OR \u201cnon-alcoholic steatohepatitis\u201d)). Exclusion criteria included reviews, research notes, book chapters, case studies, and grants. The review included 20 studies: 2 clinical trials and 18 studies on animals and cell lines. The findings indicate that juices and extracts from Vaccinium fruits and leaves have significant potential in addressing NAFLD by improving lipid and glucose metabolism and boosting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses. In conclusion, blueberries appear to have the potential to alleviate NAFLD, but more clinical trials are needed to confirm these benefits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16172940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]],"date-time":"2024-09-02T07:59:40Z","timestamp":1725263980000},"page":"2940","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Vaccinium spp. Berries in the Prevention and Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Comprehensive Update of Preclinical and Clinical Research"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6416-0458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewelina","family":"Ksi\u0105\u017cek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agroenginieering and Quality Analysis, Faculty of Production Engineering, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Komandorska 118-120, 53-345 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6241-3914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuzanna","family":"Goluch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Faculty of Production Engineering, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Komandorska 118-120, 53-345 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0947-0861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Bochniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agroenginieering and Quality Analysis, Faculty of Production Engineering, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Komandorska 118-120, 53-345 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31173","article-title":"Changes in the Global Burden of Chronic Liver Diseases from 2012 to 2017: The Growing Impact of NAFLD","volume":"72","author":"Paik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29466","article-title":"Modeling the Epidemic of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Demonstrates an Exponential Increase in Burden of Disease","volume":"67","author":"Estes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0104-9","article-title":"Mechanisms of NAFLD Development and Therapeutic Strategies","volume":"24","author":"Friedman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, Y., Li, Z., Xu, M., Zhang, D., Ling, J., Yu, P., and Shen, Y. (2022). O-GlycNacylation Remission Retards the Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Cells, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11223637"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04724.x","article-title":"Systematic Review: The Epidemiology and Natural History of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis in Adults","volume":"34","author":"Vernon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2013.171","article-title":"The Global NAFLD Epidemic","volume":"10","author":"Loomba","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S32","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2022.0365","article-title":"Global Incidence and Prevalence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"29","author":"Teng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Mol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2016.09.001","article-title":"Alternative Treatment Methods Attenuate the Development of NAFLD: A Review of Resveratrol Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Trials","volume":"34","author":"Charytoniuk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30039-1","article-title":"Prevalence, Incidence, and Outcome of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Asia, 1999\u20132019: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ullah, R., Rauf, N., Nabi, G., Ullah, H., Shen, Y., Zhou, Y.D., and Fu, J. (2019). Role of Nutrition in the Pathogenesis and Prevention of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Recent Updates. Int. J. Biol. Sci., 15.","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.30121"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, C., Yang, M., Vairetti, M., and Ferrigno, A. (2021). Current Options and Future Directions for NAFLD and NASH Treatment. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22147571"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27678","article-title":"Challenges and Opportunities in Drug and Biomarker Development for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Findings and Recommendations from an American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases-U.S. Food and Drug Administration Joint Workshop","volume":"61","author":"Sanyal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1080\/03602532.2017.1293683","article-title":"Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)\u2014Pathogenesis, Classification, and Effect on Drug Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters","volume":"49","author":"Cobbina","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Rev."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-016-0420-z","article-title":"Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Is Associated with Impairment of Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL)","volume":"14","author":"Golabi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Health Qual. Life Outcomes"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S43","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2022.0351","article-title":"Causes and Risk Profiles of Mortality among Individuals with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"29","author":"Konyn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Mol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.04.043","article-title":"Gallstone Disease and Its Association With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality","volume":"21","author":"Konyn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mantovani, A., and Dalbeni, A. (2021). Treatments for NAFLD: State of Art. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052350"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2023.09.040","article-title":"Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Current Therapies and Future Perspectives in Drug Delivery","volume":"363","author":"Domingues","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"goae029","DOI":"10.1093\/gastro\/goae029","article-title":"Advancements in Pharmacological Treatment of NAFLD\/MASLD: A Focus on Metabolic and Liver-Targeted Interventions","volume":"12","author":"Ciardullo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-023-00748-x","article-title":"Pharmacotherapies of NAFLD: Updated Opportunities Based on Metabolic Intervention","volume":"20","author":"Shao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-024-02045-0","article-title":"Resmetirom: First Approval","volume":"84","author":"Keam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2024.155835","article-title":"Resmetirom, the First Approved Drug for the Management of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis: Trials, Opportunities, and Challenges","volume":"154","author":"Kokkorakis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15024","article-title":"Diet and Exercise in NAFLD\/NASH: Beyond the Obvious","volume":"41","author":"Semmler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-2980.12751","article-title":"What Are the Main Areas of Focus to Prevent or Treat Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease?","volume":"20","author":"Mansour","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dig. Dis."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.04.030","article-title":"Standardisation of Diet and Exercise in Clinical Trials of NAFLD-NASH: Recommendations from the Liver Forum","volume":"73","author":"Glass","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2019.11.017","article-title":"Herbal Drug Discovery for the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"10","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koperska, A., Weso\u0142ek, A., Moszak, M., and Szuli\u0144ska, M. (2022). Berberine in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease\u2014A Review. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14173459"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3593951","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3593951","article-title":"The Therapeutic Effect of Berberine in the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"2016","author":"Wei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Evid.-Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6130","article-title":"Green Tea as a Safe Alternative Approach for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials","volume":"32","author":"Hadi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phyther. Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6621644","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6621644","article-title":"Bin Plant-Based Foods and Their Bioactive Compounds on Fatty Liver Disease: Effects, Mechanisms, and Clinical Application","volume":"2021","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Madduma Hewage, S., Au-Yeung, K.K.W., Prashar, S., Wijerathne, C.U.B., Karmin, O., and Siow, Y.L. (2022). Lingonberry Improves Hepatic Lipid Metabolism by Targeting Notch1 Signaling. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11030472"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hewage, S.M., Prashar, S., Karmin, O., and Siow, Y.L. (2021). Lingonberry Improves Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Reducing Hepatic Lipid Accumulation, Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response. Antioxidants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10040565"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2016.07.009","article-title":"Cranberry Extract Attenuates Hepatic Inflammation in High-Fat-Fed Obese Mice","volume":"37","author":"Glisan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1080\/09637486.2020.1746957","article-title":"Combined Cranberry Supplementation and Weight Loss Diet in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"71","author":"Hormoznejad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2020.153209","article-title":"Phytotherapy Using Blueberry Leaf Polyphenols to Alleviate Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease through Improving Mitochondrial Function and Oxidative Defense","volume":"69","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2014.03.017","article-title":"min Protective Effects of Blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) Extract against Cadmium-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice","volume":"37","author":"Gong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.05.010","article-title":"Antihypertensive Efficacy and Safety of Vaccinium Arctostaphylos Berry Extract in Overweight\/Obese Hypertensive Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind and Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial","volume":"44","author":"Kianbakht","year":"2019","journal-title":"Complement. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.12.017","article-title":"Phytochemical and Pharmacological Anti-Diabetic Properties of Bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus), Recommendations for Future Studies","volume":"16","author":"Chehri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prim. Care Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 Statement: An Updated Guideline for Reporting Systematic Reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2244","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.541128","article-title":"Update of the Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable Preclinical Recommendations","volume":"40","author":"Fisher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Halpern, S.H., and Douglas, J.M. (2005). Appendix: Jadad Scale for Reporting Randomized Controlled Trials. Evidence-Based Obstetric Anesthesia, Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470988343.app1"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mart\u0103u, G.A., Bernadette-Em\u0151ke, T., Odocheanu, R., Soporan, D.A., Bochi\u0219, M., Simon, E., and Vodnar, D.C. (2023). Vaccinium Species (Ericaceae): Phytochemistry and Biological Properties of Medicinal Plants. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28041533"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2015.03.152","article-title":"Cranberries (Oxycoccus quadripetalus) Inhibit Lipid Metabolism and Modulate Leptin and Adiponectin Secretion in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes","volume":"185","author":"Kowalska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201200195","article-title":"Bilberries Reduce Low-Grade Inflammation in Individuals with Features of Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"56","author":"Kolehmainen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199412013312203","article-title":"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Ocular Fluid of Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy and Other Retinal Disorders","volume":"331","author":"Aiello","year":"1994","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mauramo, M., Onali, T., Wahbi, W., Vasara, J., Lampinen, A., Mauramo, E., Kivim\u00e4ki, A., Martens, S., H\u00e4ggman, H., and Sutinen, M. (2021). Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Powder Has Anticarcinogenic Effects on Oral Carcinoma in Vitro and in Vivo. Antioxidants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10081319"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2014.04.021","article-title":"Dried Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Extract Fractions as Antioxidants and Cancer Cell Growth Inhibitors","volume":"61","author":"Djilas","year":"2015","journal-title":"LWT-Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mykk\u00e4nen, O.T., Huotari, A., Herzig, K.H., Dunlop, T.W., Mykk\u00e4nen, H., and Kirjavainen, P.V. (2014). Wild Blueberries (Vaccinium myrtillus) Alleviate Inflammation and Hypertension Associated with Developing Obesity in Mice Fed with a High-Fat Diet. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114790"},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"101300","article-title":"Blueberries in Focus: Exploring the Phytochemical Potentials and Therapeutic Applications","volume":"18","author":"Ashique","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"154","article-title":"Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Pathogenesis, Role of (TNF-\u03b1, IL-6) in Hepatic Inflammation and Future Potential Nutraceutical Treatment","volume":"3","author":"Faheem","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Pharm. Sci. Ain Shams Univ."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tundis, R., Tenuta, M.C., Loizzo, M.R., Bonesi, M., Finetti, F., Trabalzini, L., and Deguin, B. (2021). Vaccinium Species (Ericaceae): From Chemical Composition to Bio-Functional Activities. Appl. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/app11125655"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2017.06.004","article-title":"Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity in Different-Colored and Non-Pigmented Berries of Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.)","volume":"20","author":"Colak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Biosci."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, C.W., L\u00fc, H., Du, L.L., Li, J., Chen, H., Zhao, H.F., Wu, W.L., Chen, J., and Li, W.L. (2023). Five Blueberry Anthocyanins and Their Antioxidant, Hypoglycemic, and Hypolipidemic Effects in Vitro. Front. Nutr., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1172982"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4663","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c06695","article-title":"Malvidin-3-O-Glucoside from Blueberry Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Regulating Transcription Factor EB-Mediated Lysosomal Function and Activating the Nrf2\/ARE Signaling Pathway","volume":"69","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herrera-Balandrano, D.D., Chai, Z., Hutabarat, R.P., Beta, T., Feng, J., Ma, K., Li, D., and Huang, W. (2021). Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Effects of Blueberry Anthocyanins by AMPK Activation: In Vitro and in Vivo Studies. Redox Biol., 46.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2021.102100"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharma.2024.02.005","article-title":"Anthocyanins: Potential Phytochemical Candidates for the Amelioration of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"82","author":"Mandal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Pharm. Fran\u00e7aises"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dangles, O., and Fenger, J.A. (2018). The Chemical Reactivity of Anthocyanins and Its Consequences in Food Science and Nutrition. Molecules, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23081970"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2021.01.049","article-title":"Novel Approaches in Anthocyanin Research-Plant Fortification and Bioavailability Issues","volume":"117","author":"Cuadrado","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.049247","article-title":"Human Metabolism and Elimination of the Anthocyanin, Cyanidin-3-Glucoside: A 13C-Tracer Study","volume":"97","author":"Czank","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.13070","article-title":"Protein-Binding Approaches for Improving Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability of Anthocyanins","volume":"22","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2021.11.006","article-title":"Blueberry Anthocyanins: An Updated Review on Approaches to Enhancing Their Bioavailability","volume":"118","author":"Chai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2501","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.1c08207","article-title":"Current Knowledge on Intestinal Absorption of Anthocyanins","volume":"70","author":"Hahm","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2024.110373","article-title":"Enhancing Resveratrol Bioavailability and Intestinal Uptake Using an Oil-Based Blueberry Extract Formulated with Chitosan\/PEG Containing Nanoparticles","volume":"156","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2019.108434","article-title":"Protective Effects of \u03b1-Casein or \u03b2-Casein on the Stability and Antioxidant Capacity of Blueberry Anthocyanins and Their Interaction Mechanism","volume":"115","author":"Lang","year":"2019","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.127526","article-title":"Effects of \u03b1-Casein and \u03b2-Casein on the Stability, Antioxidant Activity and Bioaccessibility of Blueberry Anthocyanins with an in Vitro Simulated Digestion","volume":"334","author":"Lang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2017.07.029","article-title":"Formation and Stability of Anthocyanins-Loaded Nanocomplexes Prepared with Chitosan Hydrochloride and Carboxymethyl Chitosan","volume":"74","author":"Ge","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2018.08.045","article-title":"Nanocomplexes Composed of Chitosan Derivatives and \u03b2-Lactoglobulin as a Carrier for Anthocyanins: Preparation, Stability and Bioavailability in Vitro","volume":"116","author":"Ge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2017.04.021","article-title":"Encapsulation of Anthocyanin in Liposomes Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: Effects of Anthocyanin and Sterol Concentrations","volume":"34","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2023.100983","article-title":"Advances in Embedding Techniques of Anthocyanins: Improving Stability, Bioactivity and Bioavailability","volume":"20","author":"Cheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem. X"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2019.01.034","article-title":"Improvement of Stability of Blueberry Anthocyanins by Carboxymethyl Starch\/Xanthan Gum Combinations Microencapsulation","volume":"91","author":"Cai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faheem, S.A., Saeed, N.M., El-Naga, R.N., Ayoub, I.M., and Azab, S.S. (2020). Hepatoprotective Effect of Cranberry Nutraceutical Extract in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Model in Rats: Impact on Insulin Resistance and Nrf-2 Expression. Front. Pharmacol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00218"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.12.011","article-title":"Mirtoselect, an Anthocyanin-Rich Bilberry Extract, Attenuates Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis and Associated Fibrosis in ApoE\u22173Leiden Mice","volume":"62","author":"Morrison","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1021\/jf504926n","article-title":"Purified Anthocyanins from Bilberry and Black Currant Attenuate Hepatic Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Steatohepatitis in Mice with Methionine and Choline Deficiency","volume":"63","author":"Tang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2110","DOI":"10.1080\/09168451.2019.1634514","article-title":"Extracts of Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Fruits Improve Liver Steatosis and Injury in Mice by Preventing Lipid Accumulation and Cell Death","volume":"83","author":"Haga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469059","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/469059","article-title":"Dietary Blueberry and Bifidobacteria Attenuate Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Rats by Affecting SIRT1-Mediated Signaling Pathway","volume":"2014","author":"Ren","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ren, T., Zhu, J., Zhu, L., and Cheng, M. (2017). The Combination of Blueberry Juice and Probiotics Ameliorate Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) by Affecting SREBP-1c\/PNPLA-3 Pathway via PPAR-\u03b1. Nutrients, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9030198"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03343-5","article-title":"The Monomer TEC of Blueberry Improves NASH by Augmenting TRF-47-Mediated Autophagy\/Pyroptosis Signaling Pathway","volume":"20","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-021-00681-w","article-title":"Blueberry-Derived Exosomes-like Nanoparticles Ameliorate Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Attenuating Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress","volume":"43","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12254","DOI":"10.1021\/jf203136j","article-title":"Inhibitory Effect of Blueberry Polyphenolic Compounds on Oleic Acid-Induced Hepatic Steatosis in Vitro","volume":"59","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ryyti, R., Pemmari, A., Peltola, R., H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen, M., and Moilanen, E. (2021). Effects of Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) Supplementation on Hepatic Gene Expression in High-Fat Diet Fed Mice. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13113693"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakano, H., Wu, S., Sakao, K., Hara, T., He, J., Garcia, S., Shetty, K., and Hou, D.X. (2020). Bilberry Anthocyanins Ameliorate NAFLD by Improving Dyslipidemia and Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12113252"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sotelo-Gonz\u00e1lez, A.M., Reynoso-Camacho, R., Hern\u00e1ndez-Calvillo, A.K., Casta\u00f1\u00f3n-Serv\u00edn, A.P., Garc\u00eda-Guti\u00e9rrez, D.G., G\u00f3mez-Vel\u00e1zquez, H.D.d.J., Mart\u00ednez-Maldonado, M.\u00c1., de los R\u00edos, E.A., and P\u00e9rez-Ram\u00edrez, I.F. (2023). Strawberry, Blueberry, and Strawberry-Blueberry Blend Beverages Prevent Hepatic Steatosis in Obese Rats by Modulating Key Genes Involved in Lipid Metabolism. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20054418"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Cheng, M., Zhang, B., Nie, F., and Jiang, H. (2013). Dietary Supplementation of Blueberry Juice Enhances Hepatic Expression of Metallothionein and Attenuates Liver Fibrosis in Rats. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0058659"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b18-00984","article-title":"Cranberry Attenuates Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Induced by High-Fat Diet in Mice","volume":"42","author":"Shimizu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Masnadi Shirazi, K., Shirinpour, E., Masnadi Shirazi, A., and Nikniaz, Z. (2021). Effect of Cranberry Supplementation on Liver Enzymes and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Patients with NAFLD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. BMC Complement. Med. Ther., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-021-03436-6"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2016.06.009","article-title":"Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with and without Metabolic Syndrome: Different Long-Term Outcomes","volume":"66","author":"Bloigu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kleemann, R., Verschuren, L., Van Erk, M.J., Nikolsky, Y., Cnubben, N.H.P., Verheij, E.R., Smilde, A.K., Hendriks, H.F.J., Zadelaar, S., and Smith, G.J. (2007). Atherosclerosis and Liver Inflammation Induced by Increased Dietary Cholesterol Intake: A Combined Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Analysis. Genome Biol., 8.","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2007-8-9-r200"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-00366-5","article-title":"Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: The Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors","volume":"18","author":"Francque","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.3","article-title":"Management of NAFLD: A Stage-Based Approach","volume":"13","author":"Rinella","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.003","article-title":"The Natural History of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease\u2014An Evolving View","volume":"22","author":"Lindenmeyer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Liver Dis."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(00)00369-5","article-title":"The Involvement of the Intracellular Superoxide Production System in Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: In Vivo and in Vitro Experiments Using Transgenic Mice Manifesting Excessive CuZn-SOD Activity","volume":"29","author":"Suzuki","year":"2000","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580104","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/580104","article-title":"Ferulsinaic Acid Modulates SOD, GSH, and Antioxidant Enzymes in Diabetic Kidney","volume":"2012","author":"Sayed","year":"2012","journal-title":"Evid. Based. Complement. Alternat. Med."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.124068","article-title":"A Novel Green Production Process of Citric Acid on the Pilot Scale by Directly Recycling Its Extraction Effluent","volume":"277","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2023.106786","article-title":"Roles of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) in the Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)","volume":"192","author":"Qiu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fougerat, A., Montagner, A., Loiseau, N., Guillou, H., and Wahli, W. (2020). Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Their Novel Ligands as Candidates for the Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9071638"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4866","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M709471200","article-title":"Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor \u03b1 Deficiency Abolishes the Response of Lipogenic Gene Expression to Re-Feeding: Restoration of the Normal Response by Activation of Liver x Receptor \u03b1","volume":"283","author":"Hebbachi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2020.154338","article-title":"The Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPAR) in Immune Responses","volume":"114","author":"Christofides","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2020.107791","article-title":"Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in the Pathogenesis and Therapies of Liver Fibrosis","volume":"222","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-023-10156-5","article-title":"Regulation and Targeting of SREBP-1 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma","volume":"43","author":"Su","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI151895","article-title":"Inhibiting SCAP\/SREBP Exacerbates Liver Injury and Carcinogenesis in Murine Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis","volume":"132","author":"Kawamura","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chandrasekaran, P., and Weiskirchen, R. (2024). The Role of SCAP\/SREBP as Central Regulators of Lipid Metabolism in Hepatic Steatosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25021109"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2021.06.026","article-title":"Polyphenols in the Prevention and Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: An Update of Preclinical and Clinical Studies","volume":"44","author":"Bayram","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr. ESPEN"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2019.04.054","article-title":"Bound Phenolics from Fresh Lotus Seeds Exert Anti-Obesity Effects in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice by Activation of AMPK","volume":"58","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-021-00411-4","article-title":"Molecular Mechanisms of Dietary Restriction Promoting Health and Longevity","volume":"23","author":"Green","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-019-0508-8","article-title":"Dehydroepiandrosterone Protects against Hepatic Glycolipid Metabolic Disorder and Insulin Resistance Induced by High Fat via Activation of AMPK-PGC-1\u03b1-NRF-1 and IRS1-AKT-GLUT2 Signaling Pathways","volume":"44","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fang, C., Pan, J., Qu, N., Lei, Y., Han, J., Zhang, J., and Han, D. (2022). The AMPK Pathway in Fatty Liver Disease. Front. Physiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.970292"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12279","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.REV120.011356","article-title":"From Overnutrition to Liver Injury: AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases","volume":"295","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2021.110180","article-title":"Dietary Anthocyanins as Potential Natural Modulators for the Prevention and Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"142","author":"Mehmood","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2494","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.7370","article-title":"Anthocyanin-Rich Extracts from Blackberry, Wild Blueberry, Strawberry, and Chokeberry: Antioxidant Activity and Inhibitory Effect on Oleic Acid-Induced Hepatic Steatosis in Vitro","volume":"96","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, C.R., Chen, H.W., Li, Y., Zhou, M.Y., Wong, V.K.W., Jiang, Z.H., and Zhang, W. (2021). Network Pharmacology Exploration Reveals Anti-Apoptosis as a Common Therapeutic Mechanism for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Treated with Blueberry Leaf Polyphenols. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13114060"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2020.101122","article-title":"Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) from Pathogenesis to Treatment Concepts in Humans","volume":"50","author":"Pafili","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-03003-w","article-title":"Understanding Lipotoxicity in NAFLD Pathogenesis: Is CD36 a Key Driver?","volume":"11","author":"Rada","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1111\/jfpp.12632","article-title":"Effects of Celery Extracts on the Oxidative Stability of Canola Oil Under Thermal Condition","volume":"40","author":"Maleki","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Food Process. Preserv."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2015.12.012","article-title":"The Multiple-Hit Pathogenesis of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)","volume":"65","author":"Buzzetti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dorairaj, V., Sulaiman, S.A., Abu, N., and Murad, N.A.A. (2021). Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Pathogenesis and Noninvasive Diagnosis. Biomedicines, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10010015"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cotox.2018.12.005","article-title":"Is Nrf2-ARE a Potential Target in NAFLD Mitigation?","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2018.08.001","article-title":"Role of DGAT Enzymes in Triacylglycerol Metabolism","volume":"655","author":"Jordan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e15370","article-title":"Blueberry and Cranberry Extracts Mitigate CCL4-Induced Liver Damage, Suppressing Liver Fibrosis, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress","volume":"9","author":"Sergazy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.07.048","article-title":"Anthocyanins Isolated from Blueberry Ameliorates CCl4 Induced Liver Fibrosis by Modulation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Stellate Cell Activation in Mice","volume":"120","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/16\/17\/2940\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:47:05Z","timestamp":1760111225000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/16\/17\/2940"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]]},"references-count":119,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["nu16172940"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu16172940","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]]}}}