{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T02:42:41Z","timestamp":1790044961701,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is approximately doubled in subjects with hypercholesterolemia compared to those with normal blood cholesterol levels. Monacolin K (MK), the main active substance in rice fermented by the Monascus purpureus, acts on cholesterol metabolism. Rice also contains other bioactive compounds such as \u03b3-oryzanol (OZ) and \u03b3-aminobutyric acid (GABA). In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial, the efficacy and tolerability of a food supplement (FS) based on an ingredient standardized to contain monacolins (4.5%), OZ, and GABA were evaluated in subjects with mild dyslipidemia. For the duration of the trial, enrolled subjects (n = 44, each group) received the FS or placebo and were instructed to use an isocaloric diet. Compared to the placebo group, after a 3 months of the FS, the mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and mean TC values were reduced by 19.3 and 8.3%, respectively, while the mean high-density lipoprotein cholesterol value increased by 29.3%. On average, the subjects shifted from very high to moderate CVD risk. Glucose metabolism and hepatic and renal parameters did not change after the treatment and no adverse events were reported. Guidelines to handle hypercholesterolemia with food supplements in specific clinical settings are needed to better manage mild dyslipidemia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16172983","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T05:54:47Z","timestamp":1725429287000},"page":"2983","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Efficacy of Food Supplement Based on Monacolins, \u03b3-Oryzanol, and \u03b3-Aminobutyric Acid in Mild Dyslipidemia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Armed, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Lorenza Francesca","family":"De Lellis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0810-8460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Vittoria","family":"Morone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Campania \u201cL. Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele Giuseppe","family":"Buccato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcello","family":"Cordara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana\u00e8 S.","family":"Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9437-676X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hammad","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Piccinocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Level 1 Medical Director Anaesthesia and Resuscitation A. U. O. Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Santa Maria di Costantinopoli, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3095-2198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaetano","family":"Piccinocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comegen S.c.S., Societ\u00e0 Cooperativa Sociale di Medici di Medicina Generale, Viale Maria Bakunin 41, 80125 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6839-4785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulraj","family":"Balaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PG and Research Centre in Biotechnology, MGR College, Hosur 635130, TN, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2877-9445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Baldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8084-9976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Di Minno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2519-6690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hesham R.","family":"El-Seedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6199-0074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Sacchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Statistic Unit, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 24, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4870-7713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Daglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1316","article-title":"An update on regional variation in cardiovascular mortality within Europe","volume":"29","author":"Binting","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs092","article-title":"European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012). The Fifth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts)","volume":"33","author":"Perk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. 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