{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T23:32:07Z","timestamp":1789515127361,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical University of Lodz","award":["503\/1-151-07\/503-11-001-18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["503\/1-151-07\/503-11-001-18"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: An appropriate diet is the basis for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, there are no strict recommendations regarding the content of micronutrients and their modifications in the presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, we decided to investigate whether T2DM patients, including those with CKD, have different levels of chromium, nickel, cobalt, magnesium, and zinc in various blood elements compared to healthy individuals. Methods: We divided our subjects into three groups: the control group (individuals without T2DM and proper renal function), those with T2DM and proper renal function, and those with T2DM and GFR &lt; 60 mL\/min\/1.73 m2. Results: We observed higher levels of chromium in all materials examined in patients with T2DM and impaired renal function. Both study groups found higher levels of nickel in samples of whole blood and red blood cells. Patients with T2DM and proper renal function had higher levels of serum manganese. Both study groups had lower levels of serum zinc. We observed higher levels of chromium in all materials examined in patients with T2DM and impaired renal function. Both study groups found higher levels of nickel in samples of whole blood and red blood cells. Patients with T2DM and proper renal function had higher levels of serum manganese. Both study groups had lower levels of serum zinc. Conclusions: In order to ensure effective care for patients with T2DM, it is necessary to improve the standard diet, including the content of micronutrients and their modification in patients with concomitant CKD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16172989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T09:57:47Z","timestamp":1725443867000},"page":"2989","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Evaluation of Selected Trace Elements in Blood, Serum and Blood Cells of Type 2 Diabetes Patients with and without Renal Disorder"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0609-9657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Kosmalski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafa\u0142","family":"Frankowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Students\u2019 Research Club, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Leszczy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Natural Products and Cosmetics, Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, 90-537 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"R\u00f3\u017cycka-Kosmalska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Electrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadeusz","family":"Pietras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland"},{"name":"The Second Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology in Warsaw, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5617-9631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iwona","family":"Majak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109119","article-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global. 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