{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T00:41:46Z","timestamp":1792197706987,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12172011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12172011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11872076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11872076"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The extracellular matrix of cartilage primarily constitutes of collagen and aggrecan. Cartilage degradation starts with aggrecan loss in osteoarthritis (OA). Vitamin D (VD) plays an essential role in several inflammation-related diseases and can protect the collagen in cartilage during OA. The present study focused on the role of VD in aggrecan turnover of human articular chondrocytes treated with tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) and the possible mechanism. Treatment with different doses of VD and different periods of intervention with TNF-\u03b1 and TGF-\u03b21 receptor (TGF\u03b2R1) inhibitor SB525334 were investigated. The viability of human chondrocytes and extracellular secretion of TGF-\u03b21 were measured. The expression of intracellular TGF\u03b2R1 and VD receptor was examined. Transcriptional and translational levels of aggrecan and the related metabolic factors were analyzed. The results showed that TNF-\u03b1 markedly reduced the viability, TGF\u03b2R1 expressions and aggrecan levels of human chondrocytes, and increased disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs. The alterations were partially inhibited by VD treatment. Furthermore, the effects of VD were blocked by the TGF\u03b2R1 inhibitor SB525334 in TNF-\u03b1-treated cells. VD may prevent proteoglycan loss due to TNF-\u03b1 via TGF-\u03b21 signaling in human chondrocytes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16172991","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T02:34:06Z","timestamp":1725503646000},"page":"2991","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Protective Effects of Vitamin D on Proteoglycans of Human Articular Chondrocytes through TGF-\u03b21 Signaling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jian","family":"Guan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuoxin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guodong","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siwei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weishi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunli","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Lab of Spine Diseases, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4436-061X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huijie","family":"Leng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.22171","article-title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis: A Review","volume":"325","author":"Katz","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-024-01146-0","article-title":"Ion channels in osteoarthritis: Emerging roles and potential targets","volume":"20","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. 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