{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T21:40:01Z","timestamp":1780350001614,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,8]],"date-time":"2024-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency (i.e., serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) \u2264 20 ng\/mL) associates with the increased occurrence and shortened time to a knee osteoarthritis (OA) diagnosis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Methods: This study consisted of a retrospective, case-control design. The inclusion criteria consisted of (1) patients (\u226518 y) who underwent arthroscopic ACLR with (cases; n = 28) and without (controls; n = 56) a subsequent knee OA diagnosis (\u226590 d from the date of ACLR) and (2) with a documented serum 25(OH)D concentration after ACLR (and before a knee OA diagnosis for the cases). Controls were matched (2:1) to cases based on sex, age at ACLR, date of ACLR, and body mass index. After matching, patients were separated into two groups: (1) vitamin D deficient (serum 25(OH)D \u2264 20 ng\/mL) or (2) non-vitamin D deficient (serum 25(OH)D &gt; 20 ng\/mL). Data were extracted from the medical records. Results: Thirty-one percent (n = 26) of patients included were vitamin D deficient. Fifty percent (n = 13) of the vitamin D deficient and twenty-six percent (n = 15) of the non-vitamin D deficient patients were subsequently diagnosed with knee OA (p = 0.03). Time from ACLR to a knee OA diagnosis was significantly (p = 0.02) decreased in the vitamin D deficient (OA-free interval, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.9 to 10.9 y) compared to the non-vitamin D deficient group (OA-free interval, 95% CI = 10.5 to 12.5 y). Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency after ACLR may serve as a prognostic biomarker for knee OA following ACLR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16173029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T04:15:01Z","timestamp":1725855301000},"page":"3029","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Vitamin D Deficiency after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Associates with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Sonu","family":"Bae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura C.","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43202, USA"},{"name":"School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary","family":"Burnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric M.","family":"Milliron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parker A.","family":"Cavendish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Magnussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43202, USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher C.","family":"Kaeding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43202, USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C.","family":"Flanigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43202, USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyler","family":"Barker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43202, USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(96)00033-2","article-title":"Rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament\u2014A quiet epidemic?","volume":"27","author":"Bollen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546507307396","article-title":"The long-term consequence of anterior cruciate ligament and meniscus injuries: Osteoarthritis","volume":"35","author":"Lohmander","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. 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