{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T19:49:41Z","timestamp":1782503381534,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo (FAPESP)","award":["2018\/11079-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/11079-0"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the top 10 most common cancers worldwide and caused approximately 10 million deaths in 2022. CRC mortality has increased by 10% since 2020 and 52.000 deaths will occur in 2024, highlighting the limitations of current treatments due to ineffectiveness, toxicity, or non-adherence. The widely used chemotherapeutic agent, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), is associated with several adverse effects, including renal, cardiac, and hepatic toxicity; mucositis; and resistance. Taurine (TAU), an essential \u03b2-amino acid with potent antioxidant, antimutagenic, and anti-inflammatory properties, has demonstrated protective effects against tissue toxicity from chemotherapeutic agents like doxorubicin and cisplatin. Taurine deficiency is linked to aging and cancers such as breast and colon cancer. This study hypothesized that TAU may mitigate the adverse effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Carcinogenesis was chemically induced in rats using 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). Following five months of cancer progression, taurine (100 mg\/kg) was administered orally for 8 days, and colon tissues were analyzed. The results showed 80% of adenocarcinoma (AC) in DMH-induced control animals. Notably, the efficacy of 5-FU showed 70% AC and TAU 50% while, in the 5-FU + TAU group, no adenocarcinoma was observed. No differences were observed in the inflammatory infiltrate or the expression of genes such as K-ras, p53, and Ki-67 among the cancer-induced groups\u00a0whereas APC\/\u03b2-catenin expression was increased in the 5FU + TAU-treated group. The mitotic index and dysplasia were increased in the induced 5-FU group and when associated with TAU, the levels returned to normal. These data suggest that 5-FU exhibits a synergic anticancer effect when combined with taurine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16183047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T03:16:51Z","timestamp":1725938211000},"page":"3047","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Synergistic Enhancement of 5-Fluorouracil Chemotherapeutic Efficacy by Taurine in Colon Cancer Rat Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Daniela Hartmann","family":"Jornada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Drug Design (LAPDESF), Drugs and Medicines Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo State, UNESP, Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9323-4735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diogo","family":"Boreski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Drug Design (LAPDESF), Drugs and Medicines Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo State, UNESP, Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2844-6402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego Eidy","family":"Chiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Drug Design (LAPDESF), Drugs and Medicines Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo State, UNESP, Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Ligeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology and Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of S\u00e3o Paulo State, UNESP, Araraquara 14801-385, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus Alexandre Mendes","family":"Luz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Research Center in Medicine (CEPAM), School of Medicine, Union of the Colleges of the Great Lakes (UNILAGO), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto 15030-070, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edmo Atique","family":"Gabriel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Research Center in Medicine (CEPAM), School of Medicine, Union of the Colleges of the Great Lakes (UNILAGO), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto 15030-070, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2540-6395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cau\u00ea Benito","family":"Scarim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Drug Design (LAPDESF), Drugs and Medicines Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo State, UNESP, Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7015-7175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cleverton Roberto","family":"de Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology and Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of S\u00e3o Paulo State, UNESP, Araraquara 14801-385, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4141-0455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chung Man","family":"Chin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Drug Design (LAPDESF), Drugs and Medicines Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo State, UNESP, Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Advanced Research Center in Medicine (CEPAM), School of Medicine, Union of the Colleges of the Great Lakes (UNILAGO), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto 15030-070, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2024, June 26). 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