{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:25:09Z","timestamp":1760145909953,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Sun Chlorella Corp.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22K17741","22H03487"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K17741","22H03487"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to assess the effect of a combination of aerobic exercise training (ET) and Chlorella (CH) intake on arterial nitric oxide (NO) production and arterial stiffness in obese rats. Twenty-week-old obese male rats were randomly grouped into four (n = 6): OBESE-SED (sedentary control), OBESE-ET (treadmill 25 m\/min, 1 h, 5 d\/week), OBESE-CH (0.5% Chlorella powder in normal diet), and OBESE-ET+CH (combination of ET and CH intake) groups. The carotid\u2013femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), an index of arterial stiffness, was significantly lesser in the OBESE-ET, OBESE-CH, and OBESE-ET+CH groups than in the OBESE-SED group, and in the OBESE-ET+CH group significantly further enhanced these effects compared with the OBESE-ET and OBESE-CH groups. Additionally, arterial nitrate\/nitrite (NOx) levels were significantly greater in the OBESE-ET, OBESE-CH, and OBESE-ET+CH groups than in the OBESE-SED group, and the OBESE-ET+CH group compared with the OBESE-ET and OBESE-CH groups. Furthermore, arterial NOx levels were positively correlated with arterial endothelial NO synthase phosphorylation levels (r = 0.489, p\u00a0&lt; 0.05) and negatively correlated with cfPWV (r = \u22120.568, p\u00a0&lt; 0.05). In conclusion, a combination of ET and CH intake may reduce arterial stiffness via an enhancement of the arterial NO signaling pathway in obese rats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16183080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T03:03:37Z","timestamp":1726196617000},"page":"3080","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Combined Aerobic Exercise Training and Chlorella Intake Reduces Arterial Stiffness through Enhanced Arterial Nitric Oxide Production in Obese Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Henry","family":"Yamazaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shumpei","family":"Fujie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenichiro","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masataka","family":"Uchida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4362-6030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Motoyuki","family":"Iemitsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2022.155217","article-title":"A 2022 update on the epidemiology of obesity and a call to action: As its twin COVID-19 pandemic appears to be receding, the obesity and dysmetabolism pandemic continues to rage on","volume":"133","author":"Boutari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC) (2016). 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