{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T16:11:13Z","timestamp":1783440673442,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,15]],"date-time":"2024-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Mental Health","award":["MH096777"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MH096777"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Mental Health","award":["MH103436"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MH103436"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with food restriction and significantly low body weight, but the neurobiology of food avoidance in AN is unknown. Animal research suggests that food avoidance can be triggered by conditioned fear that engages the anterior cingulate and nucleus accumbens. We hypothesized that the neural activation during food avoidance in AN could be modeled based on aversive goal value processing. Nineteen females with AN and thirty healthy controls matched for age underwent functional magnetic resonance brain imaging while conducting a food avoidance task. During active control free-bid and computer-generated forced-bid trials, participants bid money to avoid eating food items. Brain activation was parametrically modulated with the trial-by-trial placed bids. During free-bid trials, the AN group engaged the caudate nucleus, nucleus accumbens, ventral anterior cingulate, and inferior and medial orbitofrontal cortex more than the control group. High- versus low-bid trials in the AN group were associated with higher caudate nucleus response. Emotion dysregulation and intolerance of uncertainty scores were inversely associated with nucleus accumbens free-bid trial brain response in AN. This study supports the idea that food avoidance behavior in AN involves aversive goal value computation in the nucleus accumbens, caudate nucleus, anterior cingulate, and orbitofrontal cortex.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16183115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T10:56:57Z","timestamp":1726484217000},"page":"3115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Food Avoidance and Aversive Goal Value Computation in Anorexia Nervosa"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9172-309X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siri","family":"Weider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Eating Disorder Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Tr\u00f8ndelag Hospital Trust, 7600 Levanger, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Shott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyler","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2322-0447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Skylar","family":"Swindle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Pryor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ED Care, Denver, CO 80246, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lot","family":"Sternheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6590-3441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guido","family":"Frank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA"},{"name":"Rady Children\u2019s Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013). 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