{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T03:26:24Z","timestamp":1790220384081,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health Ricerca Corrente 2024"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Consumption of flavonoid-rich orange juice has been shown to reduce adiposity and liver steatosis in murine models of diet-induced obesity. However, little is known about the effects of whole orange intake, independent of body weight changes, on liver function and steatosis in individuals with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). The goal is to understand the direct impact of orange consumption on metabolic health. Methods: Sixty-two men and women aged 30\u201365 with MASLD (Controlled Attenuation Parameter, (CAP) &gt; 275 dB\/m) were randomly assigned to consume either 400 g of whole oranges or non-citrus fruits daily for 4 weeks. Baseline evaluations included medical assessments, blood tests, and body composition. Liver health was assessed using transient elastography (FibroScan\u00ae) for steatosis and fibrosis, conducted by blinded personnel. This clinical trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05558592). Results: After 4 weeks of orange supplementation, liver steatosis decreased in the treatment group, with 70.9% showing steatosis compared to 100% in controls (p &lt; 0.004), indicating a 30% reduction in liver disease prevalence. There were no significant changes in fibrosis or plasma liver enzymes, though plasma gamma glutaril transferase (GGT) levels decreased significantly. Body weight, waist circumference, body composition, lipid profile, fasting glucose, insulin, and C-reactive protein levels remained unchanged. Dietary analysis revealed no change in caloric intake, but vitamins C, A, thiamine, and riboflavin increased in the orange group. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that phytochemical-rich foods, especially whole fruits like oranges, may enhance liver function as an adjunct treatment for MASLD. The notable reduction in liver steatosis prevalence occurred independently of body weight changes. Further studies are needed to investigate the long-term effects of orange supplementation on steatosis and fibrosis progression and to identify the specific bioactive compounds and mechanisms involved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16183191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T04:45:28Z","timestamp":1727066728000},"page":"3191","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Daily Orange Consumption Reduces Hepatic Steatosis Prevalence in Patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: Exploratory Outcomes of a Randomized Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2274-2198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Notarnicola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Gastroenterology\u2014IRCCS \u201cSaverio de Bellis\u201d, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Tutino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Gastroenterology\u2014IRCCS \u201cSaverio de Bellis\u201d, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7912-9023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"De Nunzio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Gastroenterology\u2014IRCCS \u201cSaverio de Bellis\u201d, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5647-8009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Cisternino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ambulatory of Clinical Nutrition, National Institute of Gastroenterology\u2014IRCCS \u201cSaverio de Bellis\u201d, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8946-7832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriam","family":"Cofano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Gastroenterology\u2014IRCCS \u201cSaverio de Bellis\u201d, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9140-673X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rossella","family":"Donghia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Data Science Unit, National Institute of Gastroenterology\u2014IRCCS \u201cSaverio de Bellis\u201d, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vito","family":"Giannuzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Gastroenterology, National Institute of Gastroenterology\u2014IRCCS \u201cSaverio de Bellis\u201d, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianna","family":"Zappimbulso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Gastroenterology, National Institute of Gastroenterology\u2014IRCCS \u201cSaverio de Bellis\u201d, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3897-7477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa Anna","family":"Milella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, 70010 Turi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5140-8060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluigi","family":"Giannelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Direction National Institute of Gastroenterology\u2014IRCCS \u201cSaverio de Bellis\u201d, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Fontana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lippolis, T., Cofano, M., Caponio, G.R., De Nunzio, V., and Notarnicola, M. 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