{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T09:54:59Z","timestamp":1787910899293,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Given the increasing popularity of CrossFit\u00ae as a high-intensity functional training program and the potential benefits of citrulline malate (CM) in enhancing exercise performance through its role as a precursor to L-arginine and nitric oxide production, this study aimed to investigate the acute effects of CM supplementation on CrossFit\u00ae performance and cardiovascular function. Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design, 21 recreationally active participants (mean age 22.2 \u00b1 2.6 years, mean body weight 75.9 \u00b1 10.4 kg) with CrossFit\u00ae experience completed the \u201cCindy\u201d workout under CM and placebo conditions. Participants consumed 4.4 g of CM or a placebo 60 min before the workout, and the performance was measured by the number of rounds completed. Secondary outcomes included heart rate response, time spent in different heart rate intensity zones, and post-exercise recovery time. The results indicated no significant difference in the number of rounds completed between the CM and placebo conditions (13.5 \u00b1 5.2 vs. 13.8 \u00b1 6.7 rounds, respectively; p = 0.587). However, the time spent in zone 4 (80\u201390% of HR max) was significantly increased in the CM condition (527 \u00b1 395 s vs. 453 \u00b1 334 s; p = 0.017), suggesting a potential benefit for aerobic capacity and anaerobic threshold. No significant differences in post-exercise recovery time were observed (6.6 \u00b1 4.7 h vs. 6.9 \u00b1 4.7 h; p = 0.475). This study highlights the need for further research with larger sample sizes, both genders, and different CM dosages to clarify these findings and better understand CM\u2019s role in enhancing athletic performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16193235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T04:01:24Z","timestamp":1727236884000},"page":"3235","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effects of Acute Citrulline Malate Supplementation on CrossFit\u00ae Exercise Performance: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4267-9950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asli","family":"Devrim-Lanpir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, D09 V209 Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medeniyet University, 34862 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0213-2237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ferenc","family":"Ih\u00e1sz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education and Psychology, Institute of Sport Sciences, E\u00f6tv\u00f6s L\u00f3r\u00e1nd University, 1075 Szombathely, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1t\u00e9","family":"Demcsik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education and Psychology, Institute of Sport Sciences, E\u00f6tv\u00f6s L\u00f3r\u00e1nd University, 1075 Szombathely, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2867-4594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e1s Csaba","family":"Horv\u00e1th","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education and Psychology, Institute of Sport Sciences, E\u00f6tv\u00f6s L\u00f3r\u00e1nd University, 1075 Szombathely, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e1l","family":"G\u00f3cz\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education and Psychology, Institute of Sport Sciences, E\u00f6tv\u00f6s L\u00f3r\u00e1nd University, 1075 Szombathely, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e9ter","family":"Czepek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education and Psychology, Institute of Sport Sciences, E\u00f6tv\u00f6s L\u00f3r\u00e1nd University, 1075 Szombathely, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Tak\u00e1cs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Kimble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sport, Exercise and Health, School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Blantyre G720LH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2159-5782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reza","family":"Zare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meshkat Sports Complex, Karaj 3149645179, Alborz Province, Iran"},{"name":"Arses Sports Complex, Karaj 3149645179, Alborz Province, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma Esra","family":"Gunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medeniyet University, 34862 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2412-9103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beat","family":"Knechtle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Primary Care, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1247-6754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katja","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Primary Care, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6436-6306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Rosemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Primary Care, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6837-408X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katie M.","family":"Heinrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA"},{"name":"Department of Research and Evaluation, The Phoenix, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1080\/19390211.2021.1939473","article-title":"Effects of Citrulline Malate Supplementation on Muscle Strength in Resistance-Trained Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"19","author":"Aguiar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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